Table 1 Macronutrient composition and bioactive factors in bovine and human colostrum, term and preterm milk

Protein, g/L

60–135^a

11–32^c

19^f

34^c

9–12^g

 Casein, g/L

26^b

3.0–5.6^c

2~30^c

4–4.8^g

 Whey, g/L

35–119^a

4.3–11.1^c

4~50^c

6–7.2^g

 α-Lactalbumin, g/L

2.04^c

2.56^c

1–1.5^c

2–3^c

 β-Lactoglobulin, g/L

14.3^c

None^c

3–4^c

None^c

 Lactoferrin, g/L

1.0–2.0^c

5.0–7.0^c

0.01–0.1^c

1.0–2.0^c

 Immunoglobulins, g/L

20–150^c

1.14–20^c

0.6–1.0^c

1.2^c

 Lactoperoxidase, mg/L

11–45^c

5.17^c

13–30^c

5.17^c

 Osteopontin, mg/L

Not determined^c

1493.4^c

18^c

138^c

 Lysozyme, mg/L

0.14–0.7^c

270–430^c

0.07–0.6^c

160–460^c

 Superoxide dismutase, U/mL

0.06–2.88^c

18.7–22.5^c

0.06–2.88^c

11.2^c

 Platelet-activating factor-acetylhydroxylase, μg/L

None^c

0.95–1.19^c

None^c

1.16–1.21^c

 Alkaline phosphatase, μkat/L

6.84^h

1.79^c

4.49^c

0.92^c

 Transforming growth factor-β, μg/L

150–1150^c

1366^c

13–71^c

953^c

 Insulin-like growth-I, μg/L

49–2000^c

29–49^c

4–150^c

3–6^c

 Insulin-like growth-II, μg/L

400–600^c

10.5^c

50–100^c

35^c

 Epidermal growth factor, μg/L

4–324.2^c

35–438^c

2–155^c

20–111^c

Lactose, g/L

18.9–32^a

44–59^d

57–74^f

49^a

67–78^g

Fat, g/L

50–80^a

20–29^e

26^f

37^a

32–3^g