Table 4 Process outcomes
Process evaluation outcome | Source |
|---|---|
Reach: proportion and representativeness of individuals receiving the intervention (individual level) | |
 Rate of smokers among the GP's patients | GP |
 Rate of smokers invited to participate | GP |
 Rate of refusals, with reasons | GP |
 Patient dropout rate, with reasons | GP |
 Patients’ characteristics and representativeness | See covariates |
Efficacy: success rates of the intervention (including satisfaction outcomes) under study conditions (individual level) | |
 Behaviour change rates | See outcomes |
 Changes in self-efficacy and planning | See outcomes |
 Patients’ current overall satisfaction with coaching programme | Patient |
Adoption: proportion and representativeness of organisations willing to adopt the intervention, with consideration of enablers and barriers to adoption (organisational level) | |
 Rate of GPs invited to participate | SC |
 Rate of refusals, with reasons | SC |
 GP dropout rate, with reasons | SC |
 GPs' characteristics and representativeness | See covariates |
 Involvement of medical assistants/nurses | See covariates |
 Assistants'/nurses' characteristics | See covariates |
 Assessment of GPs' precognitions, understanding of coaching/counselling concept and increase in knowledge and skills, evaluation/rating of coaching/counselling concept and structure of training, recommendation to colleagues | GP |
 Time required for coaching/counselling | See covariates |
 Rating of coaching/counselling tools in matters of usefulness and manageability, enabling factors and barriers in coaching/counselling as perceived from practical experience | GP |
 Overall assessment: benefit for daily practical work, most crucial aspects (success factors and pitfalls), suggestions for improvement, overall satisfaction | GP |
Implementation: extent to which the intervention is implemented under real-world conditions—patient adherence (individual level) and adherence of staff to study protocol (organisational level) | |
 Number of coaching/counselling sessions per patient | See covariates |
 GPs'/assistants'/nurses' attitudes, competences and (mental) barriers towards/in/to delivering the interventions | GP |
 Changes in contents or duration of coaching/counselling elements during the ongoing trial | GP |
 Completeness/integrity of data reported by GPs | SC |
 Costs arising from expenditure of coaching time | SC |
Maintenance: sustainability of intervention over time—relapse rates (individual level) and integration of intervention into institutional routine (organisational level) | |
 Upholding of beneficial behaviour at 12 months after end of follow up | Patient |
 Number of GPs trained in HC until 12 months after end of follow up | HC registry |
 Number/frequency and quality/intensity of coaching over a period of 12 months beyond follow up | GP |
 Response among experts and media coverage | Experts, media |
 Maintenance costs | GP |