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Table 2 Pain visual analogue scale scores at different stages

From: Evaluation of different doses of transcutaneous nerve stimulation for pain relief during labour: a randomized controlled trial

 

Group

Stage

TENS 1

TENS 2

TENS placebo

Baseline

7.0 ± 1.5

8.1 ± 1.2

6.6 ± 1.7

10 min

6.2 ± 1.4

6.2 ± 2.0

8.3 ± 1.2

30 min

6.3 ± 1.7

5.9 ± 1.9

8.8 ± 1.1

 

Difference (95% CI)

p*

Baseline

 TENS 1-TENS 2

−1.0 (− 2.2 to 0.1)

0.079

 TENS 1-Placebo

0.4 (− 0.7 to 1.6)

0.668

 TENS 2-Placebo

1.5 (0.3 to 2.7)

0.009

10 min

 TENS 1-TENS 2

−0.4 (− 1.3 to 1.2)

0.995

 TENS 1-Placebo

−2.1 (− 3.3 to –  0.8)

<  0.001

 TENS 2-Placebo

− 2.1 (− 3.3 to –  0.8)

<  0.001

30 min

 TENS 1-TENS 2

0.4 (− 0.7 to 1.7)

0.646

 TENS 1-Placebo

− 2.4 (− 3.7 to − 1.5)

<  0.001

 TENS 2-Placebo

−2.9 (− 4.1 to − 1.6)

< 0. 001

  1. Data are visual analogue scale mean ± standard deviation scores unless otherwise specified
  2. TENS transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, CI confidence interval
  3. *p values obtained from one-way analysis of variance