Table 2 Markwalder Grading Scale

0

Patient neurological normal

1

Patient alert and oriented; mild symptoms such as headache; absent or mild neurological deficit such as reflex asymmetry

2

Patient drowsy (defined as Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score: 13–14) or disoriented with variable neurological deficit, such as hemiparesis

3

Patient stuporous (defined as GCS 9–12) but responding appropriately to noxious stimuli; severe focal signs such as hemiplegia

4

Patient comatose (GCS 8 or lower) with absent motor responses to painful stimuli; decerebrate or decorticate posturing