| |
Control
|
HL
|
CBT
|
|---|
|
Mean (SD) 95% CI
|
Mean (SD) 95% CI
|
Mean (SD) 95% CI
|
|---|
|
DASS-21 baseline
|
|
Depression
|
13.0(13.5) 7.9–18.0
|
15.9(13.5) 10.8–20.9
|
10.8(11.3) 6.6–15.0
|
|
Anxiety
|
11.6(12.6) 6.9–16.3
|
14.0(13.0) 9.1–18.9
|
9.7(10.4) 5.8–13.6
|
|
Stress
|
17.5(14.4) 12.2–22.9
|
18.9(13.6) 13.9–24.0
|
14.2(12.0) 9.7–18.7
|
|
Total
|
42.1(39.0) 27.6–56.7
|
48.8(37.7) 34.7–62.9
|
34.7(30.3) 23.3–46.0
|
|
DASS-21 3 months
|
|
Depression
|
9.7(11.6) 5.3–14.0
|
15.8(14.1) 10.5–21.1
|
9.0(10.8) 5.0–13.0
|
|
Anxiety
|
8.7(9.8) 5.1–12.4
|
14.1(14.5) 8.7–19.5
|
7.5(8.5) 4.3–10.6
|
|
Stress
|
14.0(12.9) 9.2–18.8
|
16.7(13.2) 11.8–21.7
|
11.8(10.9) 7.7–15.9
|
|
Total
|
32.4(31.9) 20.5–44.3
|
46.7(39.9) 31.8–61.6
|
34.7(30.3) 23.3–46.0
|
|
IES-R baseline
|
|
Intrusion
|
14.8(8.9) 11.5–18.2
|
18.4(9.3) 15.0–21.9*
|
12.1(9.4) 8.6–15.6*
|
|
Avoidance
|
11.8(8.8) 8.5–15.1
|
15.4(9.1) 11.9–18.7
|
9.9(7.6) 7.1–12.8
|
|
Hyperarousal
|
11.3(6.6) 8.9–13.8
|
13.3(7.5) 10.5–16.1
|
9.2(6.8) 6.6–11.7
|
|
Total
|
37.9(22.9) 29.4–46.5
|
47.1(23.9) 38.1–56.0*
|
31.2(22.1) 23.0–39.5*
|
|
IES-R 3 months
|
|
Intrusion
|
12.7(9.1) 9.3–16.1
|
16.0(10.8) 11.9–20.0*
|
9.8(7.5) 7.0–12.6*
|
|
Avoidance
|
10.7(8.4) 7.5–13.8
|
13.7(9.7) 10.0–17.3*
|
8.0(7.4) 5.3–10.8*
|
|
Hyperarousal
|
9.4(7.8) 6.4–12.3
|
11.9(8.1) 8.9–15.0
|
7.3(6.0) 5.3–9.5
|
|
Total
|
32.7(24.0) 23.8–41.7
|
41.6(27.5) 31.3–51.8*
|
25.1(19.4) 17.8–32.4*
|
- These are unadjusted descriptive scores only
- CBT cognitive behaviour therapy, DASS-21 Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21, HL healthy lifestyle, IES-R Impact of Events Scales (Revised), SD standard deviation
- *P < .05
