Table 1 Comparison of phenytoin and levetiracetam

Easy to administer^a

☒

☑

Rapid onset of action^a

☑

☑

Intermediate to long action^a

☑

☑

Broad spectrum^a

☒

☑

Minimal morbidity^a

☒

☑

Useful as maintenance AED^a

☑

☑

IV solution compatibility^a

☒

☑

Rate of infusion

20 min (minimum)

5 min (minimum)

Effectiveness in CSE (seizure termination rate)

50–60%

75–100%

Evidence base

Cost

Interactions with other drugs

Adverse effects

Potentially fatal

Cardiac arrhythmia

Cardiac asystole

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Non-fatal

Hypotension

Hepatotoxicity

Phlebitis

Severe extravasation injury (‘purple glove syndrome’)

Dizziness

Somnolence

Headache

Agitation

IV site irritation