Table 1 Symptom self-management strategies for PC survivors

Symptom

Leaked urine, increased frequency, dysuria

Erectile dysfunction, compromised masculinity, poor libido, poor communication, unable to engage in sexual activity

Diarrhea, fecal incontinence, increased urgency to defecate, increased frequency, pain, hematochezia

Depression, fatigue, hot flashes, weight gain, metabolic syndrome

Self-management strategy

Pelvic floor exercises (Kegels) [29–32]

Bladder training (timed voiding) [33, 34]

Fluid management (drinking) [35]

Physical activity [36]

Weight loss [37]

Diet (avoid bladder irritants/caffeine) [38]

Using a penile clamp [39]

How to protect clothing and bedding [40]

Partner communication

Making time for and enhancing intimacy [41]

Creative intimacy (non-penile) [42–46]

Having an orgasm without erection/avoiding climacturia [47–49]

Reduce alcohol and tobacco [50, 51]

Using a vacuum erection device [52–55] (NOTE: medical strategy following self-management approach)

Pelvic floor exercises (Kegels) [56, 57]

Diet for softer stools (fiber) [58]

Diet to avoid irritation

Proper fluid intake

Reducing painful bowel mvts

Using OTC medications [58]

Managing stress [59]

Decrease fatigue [60, 61]

Exercise

Improve mood/depression

Deal with weight changes [62]

Deal with hot flashes [63]

Evaluate breast or nipple tenderness