Parameter | Model A | Model B | Model C | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Unadjusted) | (Adjusted for patient factors) | (Adjusted for patient and provider factors) | ||||
Odds ratio | p value | Odds ratio | p value | Odds ratio | p value | |
Phase | ||||||
Baseline | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
Intervention | 0.96 | 0.51 | 0.96 | 0.50 | 0.96 | 0.49 |
Post | 0.95 | 0.51 | 0.93 | 0.37 | 0.93 | 0.36 |
Year | 0.95 | <0.001 | 0.95 | 0.001 | 0.95 | 0.002 |
Region | ||||||
1 | 1.54 | 0.04 | 1.13 | 0.49 | 0.87 | 0.41 |
2 | 0.89 | 0.48 | 0.90 | 0.43 | 0.75 | 0.028 |
3 | 1.08 | 0.65 | 0.99 | 0.94 | 0.81 | 0.09 |
4 | 1.36 | 0.07 | 1.01 | 0.93 | 0.74 | 0.035 |
5 | 0.84 | 0.34 | 0.90 | 0.50 | 0.85 | 0.22 |
6 | 0.87 | 0.51 | 0.95 | 0.75 | 0.89 | 0.47 |
7 | 0.80 | 0.18 | 0.81 | 0.11 | 0.72 | 0.011 |
8 | 0.95 | 0.81 | 0.92 | 0.65 | 0.83 | 0.24 |
9 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
Patient characteristics | ||||||
Age | 1.03 | <0.001 | 1.03 | <0.001 | ||
Sex | 0.55 | <0.001 | 0.55 | <0.001 | ||
Number of ADGs | ||||||
0 | Ref | - | Ref | - | ||
1 (1–4) | 0.78 | 0.18 | 0.78 | 0.19 | ||
2 (5–9) | 1.16 | 0.44 | 1.16 | 0.42 | ||
3 (10+) | 2.03 | <0.001 | 2.04 | <0.001 | ||
Location | ||||||
Urban | Ref | - | Ref | - | ||
Suburban | 1.21 | 0.001 | 1.08 | 0.24 | ||
Rural | 1.23 | 0.001 | 1.12 | 0.13 | ||
Income quintile | ||||||
1 | Ref | - | Ref | - | ||
2 | 0.89 | 0.015 | 0.90 | 0.020 | ||
3 | 0.86 | 0.002 | 0.86 | 0.002 | ||
4 | 0.80 | <0.001 | 0.80 | <0.001 | ||
5 | 0.75 | <0.001 | 0.75 | <0.001 | ||
Immigrant | 1.00 | 0.995 | 0.997 | 0.97 | ||
Provider characteristics | ||||||
Payment model | ||||||
FFS | Ref | - | ||||
Capitation, FHT | 0.97 | 0.68 | ||||
Capitation, non-FHT | 1.07 | 0.13 | ||||
Female physician | 0.90 | 0.058 | ||||
Years since graduation | 1.00 | 0.24 | ||||
Physician rurality | ||||||
Urban | Ref | - | ||||
Suburban | 1.46 | 0.013 | ||||
Rural | 1.33 | 0.032 | ||||
Trained abroad | 1.21 | 0.041 | ||||
Practice size | 1.02 | 0.054 |