Table 1 Study inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria

 • Medical-surgical ICU patients ≥14 years old at participating ICUs. ICUs that use other age cut-off for adult patients will adhere to their local standard (16 or 18 years)

 • Patient weight ≥45 kg

 • Expected ICU LOS ≥72 h

 • Eligible for pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis with UFH and LMWH

Exclusion criteria

 • Patient treated with IPC for >24 h in this current ICU admission

 • Patient in the ICU for >48 h

 • Patient treated with pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis with medications other than UFH or LMWH

 • Inability or contraindication to applying IPC to both legs:

  ○ Burns in the lower extremities, lacerations, active skin infection and ischemic lower limb at the site of IPC placement

  ○ Acute ischemia in the lower extremities

  ○ Amputated foot or leg on one or both sides

  ○ Compartment syndrome

  ○ Severe peripheral arterial disease

  ○ Vein ligation, gangrene, recent vein grafts and draining incisions

  ○ Evidence of bone fracture in lower extremities

 • Therapeutic dose of anticoagulation with UFH or LMWH

 • Pregnancy

 • Limitation of life support, life expectancy ≤7 days or palliative care

 • Allergy to the sleeve material

 • Patients with inferior vena cava (IVC) filter

Eligible non-randomized exclusion criteria

 ▪ Patient or substitute decision-maker declines consent

 ▪ Unable to obtain consent within 48 h of ICU admission

 ▪ ICU physician or other treating clinician declines consent

 ▪ Co-enrollment in trials with biologic interaction