Table 3 Meta-analysis: risk of bias in individual randomized clinical trials evaluating interventions to improve compliance to lower glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with type 1 diabetes according to intervention category
Selection bias | Performance bias | Detection bias | Attrition bias | Reporting bias | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Random sequence generation | Allocation concealment | Blinding of participant and personnel | Blinding of outcome assessment | Incomplete outcome data | Selective reporting | |
Psychology category | ||||||
Ellis, 2005 –2007b | low | low | low | low | uncertain | low |
Nansel, 2007 | low | low | low | low | high | uncertain |
Weinger, 2011a | low | low | low | low | uncertain | low |
Nansel, 2011 | low | low | high | uncertain | high | low |
Mulvaney, 2010 | low | low | uncertain | uncertain | uncertain | uncertain |
Franklin, 2006 | low | low | low | uncertain | uncertain | low |
Telecare category | ||||||
Montori, 2004 | low | low | low | uncertain | uncertain | low |
Lawson, 2005 | low | low | low | low | uncertain | low |
Farmer, 2005 | low | low | low | low | uncertain | low |
Landau, 2011 | low | low | low | low | uncertain | low |
Gay, 2006 | low | low | low | low | uncertain | low |
Esmatjes, 2014 | low | low | uncertain | uncertain | uncertain | low |
Education category | ||||||
Cook, 2002 | uncertain | uncertain | low | uncertain | uncertain | low |
Howe, 2005 | uncertain | uncertain | uncertain | low | uncertain | low |
Weinger, 2011b | low | low | low | low | uncertain | low |
Nunn, 2006 | low | low | low | low | uncertain | low |