Table 1 The Clavien-Dindo Classification of surgical postoperative complications[14]

I

Any deviation from the normal postoperative course without the need for pharmacological treatment or surgical, endoscopic, and radiological interventions. Allowed therapeutic regimens are: drugs as antiemetics, antipyretics, analgesics, diuretics, electrolytes, and physiotherapy. This grade also includes wound infections opened at the bedside

II

Requiring pharmacological treatment with drugs other than such allowed for grade I complications. Blood transfusions and total parenteral nutrition are also included

III

Requiring surgical, endoscopic or radiological intervention

IIIa

Intervention not under general anesthesia

IIIb

Intervention under general anesthesia

IV

Life-threatening complications requiring IC/ICU management

IVa

Single organ dysfunction (including dialysis)

IVb

Multiorgan dysfunction

V

Death of a patient