Table 1 Ethical principles and rules for the conduct of clinical research. (Adapted from [17])
From: Ethical issues posed by cluster randomized trials in health research
| Moral Principle | Moral Rule |
|---|---|
| Respect for persons | Obtain the informed consent of prospective research subjects (or their surrogate decision makers). |
| Protect the confidentiality of private information. | |
| Beneficence | Therapeutic procedures must satisfy clinical equipoise. |
| Risks of non-therapeutic procedures must be (1) minimized and (2) reasonable in relation to knowledge to be gained. | |
| Justice | Subject selection procedures must be fair. |
| Compensate subjects harmed as a result of research participation. | |
| Respect for communities | Respect communal values, and protect and empower social institutions. |
| Where applicable, abide by the decisions of legitimate communal authority. |