The COMET Initiative database: progress and activities update (2015)

This letter describes the substantial activity on the Core Outcome Measure in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) website in 2015, updating our earlier progress reports for the period from the launch of the COMET website and database in August 2011 to December 2014. As in previous years, 2015 saw further increases in the annual number of visits to the website, the number of pages viewed and the number of searches undertaken. The sustained growth in use of the website and database suggests that COMET is continuing to gain interest and prominence, and that the resources are useful to people interested in the development of core outcome sets.


Background
As the New Year bells were ringing and the fireworks were exploding to welcome 2016 in cities such as Fray Bentos in South America, an Internet user in Tianjin, China ran the 10,000th search of the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) database. They were looking for information about non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and will have been shown details of two core outcome sets (COS) recently added to the database [1,2]. This letter describes the substantial activity on the COMET website [3] in the 365 days before that search. We update our earlier progress since the launch of the COMET website and database in August 2011 to December 2014 [4,5].

Activity and content
A total of 720 studies relevant to the development of COS were included in the COMET database at the end of December 2015, with 147 added during the year. This included 32 reports relating to 29 COS identified in the most recent update to the systematic review of COS [2], which had originally been performed in 2013 [1].
As in previous years, 2015 saw further increases in the annual number of visits to the website (Table 1) and although the proportional change declined in 2015, the absolute numbers continue to increase. For instance, the proportional increase in new visitors from 2014 to 2015 was 33%, compared to 43% for 2013 to 2014; but the absolute increase from 2014 to 2015 was 3269 compared to 2936 for 2013 to 2014. Most visitors to the website arrived either via links following an organic search using a search engine, such as Google (68%), or direct (20%) (Fig. 1). However, new for 2015, were arrivals from links in emails, which is in large part attributable to the move of the COMET newsletter from a PDF format to an email format.
Social media also leads many people to the website and Twitter accounted for 89% of social referrals to the COMET website in 2015 ( Table 2). The COMET Twitter account is monitored by the research team and tweets are sent when new COS papers are published, to announce relevant presentations at conferences and to retweet COS-related tweets from others that we follow. The COMET account has more than 1300 followers and the Twitter page links to the COMET website.
The highest proportions of referrals were from the Core Outcomes in Women's Health (CROWN) Initiative (10%), the University of Liverpool (6%), Trials journal (5%), MRC Hubs for Trials Methodology Research (5%), Cochrane Canada (5%) and the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) initiative (4%). CROWN is an international initiative to harmonise outcome reporting in women's health research. More than 70 journals have committed to encouraging the development and reporting of COS in this area and CROWN advises all COS developers to register with COMET [6]. Trials has published several COS papers which generated referrals to the COMET website, including 'Developing core outcome sets for clinical trials: issues to consider' [7], the special collection of the meeting proceedings and abstracts from the 4th COMET meeting in Rome in November 2014, and the report of the first meeting to discuss Trial Forge [8]. The 5th COMET meeting was jointly hosted with Cochrane Canada in Calgary in May 2015, hence the large number of referrals from Cochrane Canada, and the more than doubling in the annual number of visits from Canada, from 624 in 2014 to 1449 in 2015 ( Table 3). The referrals from SPIRIT reflect that initiative's encouragement of trial investigators to consider measuring the outcomes in a COS in their trial as part of their effort to improve the quality of clinical trial protocols by defining an evidence-based set of items to address in a protocol.
In 2015, there were a total 80,799 page views, a 10% increase from 73,617 in 2014. Analyses of the COMET website data show that 56% of visitors went beyond the page on which they landed in 2015, similar to 2014 and, as in previous years, the most common first interaction was to search the COMET database. Other first interactions included moving to the overview of the COMET Initiative, accessing the database without completing a search, and checking the resources page. This Core Resource Pack is once again the second most highly accessed resource on the website (after the database), with 1372 page views in 2015, compared to 1064 in 2014 (29% increase).

Table 2 Examples of Twitter referrals
In 2015, we conducted a pop-up survey to find out why people were searching in the COMET database. The survey appeared at the beginning of each search during a 1-month period, asking people to select single response to give their reason for searching in the COMET database. Full details of the survey have been published [2] but, in summary, it showed that the most common reasons for searching the database were to inform decision-making about developing a COS, or to inform the outcomes in planning a clinical trial. The popup survey also confirmed the importance of keeping the contents of the database up to date, if it is to help researchers to avoid unnecessary duplication of effort and minimise waste [9].
The sustained growth in use of the website and database suggests that COMET is continuing to gain interest and prominence, and that the resources are useful to people interested in COS development. To help ensure that the content is kept up to date a second update of the systematic review of COS [1,2] is underway and the COMET website and database usage figures will continue to be monitored and assessed annually.