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  1. The evidence on the effect of acupuncture or counseling for depression is not conclusive yet is sufficient to warrant further research. Our aim is to conduct a full-scale RCT to determine the clinical and cost...

    Authors: Hugh MacPherson, Stewart Richmond, J Martin Bland, Harriet Lansdown, Ann Hopton, Arthur Kang’ombe, Stephen Morley, Sara Perren, Eldon Spackman, Karen Spilsbury, David Torgerson and Ian Watt
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:209
  2. The severe iatrogenic hypogonadal state induced by medical castration used for treatment of prostate cancer is associated with adverse effects including fatigue, increased fracture risk, and a decrease in skel...

    Authors: Liam Bourke, Ratna Sohanpal, Veronica Nanton, Helen Crank, Derek J Rosario and John M Saxton
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:208
  3. Although cigarette smoking is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States (US), over 40 million adults in the US currently smoke. Quitting smoking is particularly difficult for smokers with ce...

    Authors: Jasper AJ Smits, Michael J Zvolensky, David Rosenfield, Bess H Marcus, Timothy S Church, Georita M Frierson, Mark B Powers, Michael W Otto, Michelle L Davis, Lindsey B DeBoer and Nicole F Briceno
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:207
  4. Having a ‘theory of mind’, or having the ability to attribute mental states to oneself or others, is considered one of the most central domains of impairment among children with an autism spectrum disorder (AS...

    Authors: Elske Hoddenbach, Hans M Koot, Pamela Clifford, Carolien Gevers, Cassandra Clauser, Frits Boer and Sander Begeer
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:206
  5. In Germany, clinical trials and comparative effectiveness studies in primary care are still very rare, while their usefulness has been recognised in many other countries. A network of researchers from German a...

    Authors: Eva Hummers-Pradier, Jutta Bleidorn, Guido Schmiemann, Stefanie Joos, Annette Becker, Attila Altiner, Jean-François Chenot and Martin Scherer
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:205
  6. In 2009, 665 patients underwent total knee replacements (TKRs) at the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (NNUH), representing nearly 1% of the national total. Pain control following ...

    Authors: Simon Donell, Katherine Deane, Louise Swift, Garry Barton, Paula Balls, Clare Darrah and Richard Gray
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:204
  7. Dengue is the most important vector-borne viral infection of man, with approximately 2 billion people living in areas at risk. Infection results in a range of manifestations from asymptomatic infection through...

    Authors: James Whitehorn, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau, Nguyen Thanh Truong, Luong Thi Hue Tai, Nguyen Van Hao, Tran Tinh Hien, Marcel Wolbers, Laura Merson, Nguyen Thi Phuong Dung, Rosanna Peeling, Cameron Simmons, Bridget Wills and Jeremy Farrar
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:203
  8. Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most common anxiety disorders and is associated with marked impairments. However, a small proportion of individuals with SAD seek and receive treatment. Internet-adm...

    Authors: Bogdan Tudor Tulbure, Kristoffer NT MÃ¥nsson and Gerhard Andersson
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:202
  9. Laparoscopic surgery has become the preferred approach for many procedures because of reduced post-operative pain, better recovery, shorter hospital stay and improved cosmesis. Single incision laparoscopic sur...

    Authors: Momin Malik, Kirsty McCormack, Zygmunt H Krukowski, Alison McDonald, Gladys McPherson, Jonathan A Cook and Irfan Ahmed
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:201
  10. Results of previous studies have shown that exercise training can improve cognitive functions in healthy older people. Some studies have demonstrated that long-term combination exercise training can facilitate...

    Authors: Rui Nouchi, Yasuyuki Taki, Hikaru Takeuchi, Hiroshi Hashizume, Takayuki Nozawa, Atsushi Sekiguchi, Haruka Nouchi and Ryuta Kawashima
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:200
  11. Acute kidney allograft rejection is a major cause for declining graft function and has a negative impact on the long-term graft survival. The majority (90%) of acute rejections are T-cell mediated and, therefo...

    Authors: Lena Schiffer, Mario Schiffer, Saskia Merkel, Anke Schwarz, Michael Mengel, Christopher Jürgens, Christoph Schroeder, Alexander A Zoerner, Kerstin Püllmann, Verena Bröcker, Jan U Becker, Maximilian E Dämmrich, Jana Träder, Anika Großhennig, Frank Biertz, Hermann Haller…
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:199
  12. In healthcare research the randomised controlled trial is seen as the gold standard because it ensures selection bias is minimised. However, there is uncertainty as to which is the most preferred method of ran...

    Authors: Gladys C McPherson, Marion K Campbell and Diana R Elbourne
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:198
  13. Many people with dementia experience anxiety, which can lead to decreased independence, relationship difficulties and increased admittance to care homes. Anxiety is often treated with antipsychotic medication,...

    Authors: Aimee Spector, Martin Orrell, Miles Lattimer, Juanita Hoe, Michael King, Kate Harwood, Afifa Qazi and Georgina Charlesworth
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:197
  14. Cervical dilation using mechanical dilators is associated with various complications, such as uterine perforation, cervical laceration, infections and intraperitoneal hemorrhage. To achieve safe and painless c...

    Authors: Slobodan Arsenijevic, Gordana Vukcevic-Globarevic, Vladislav Volarevic, Ivan Macuzic, Petar Todorovic, Irena Tanaskovic, Milan Mijailovic, Sasa Raicevic and Branislav Jeremic
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:196
  15. Although government-funded specialist smoking cessation services in England offer advice and support to smokers motivated to quit, only a small proportion of smokers make use of this service. Evidence suggests...

    Authors: Hazel Gilbert, Stephen Sutton, Richard Morris, Steve Parrot, Simon Galton and Irwin Nazareth
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:195
  16. Intracranial hemorrhage occurs in over 60% of severe head injuries in one of three types: extradural (EDH); subdural (SDH); and intraparenchymal (TICH). Prompt surgical removal of significant SDH and EDH is es...

    Authors: Barbara A Gregson, Elise N Rowan, Patrick M Mitchell, Andy Unterberg, Elaine M McColl, Iain R Chambers, Paul McNamee and A David Mendelow
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:193
  17. Childhood intermittent exotropia [X(T)] is a type of strabismus (squint) in which one eye deviates outward at times, usually when the child is tired. It may progress to a permanent squint, loss of stereovision...

    Authors: Deborah Buck, Elaine McColl, Christine J Powell, Jing Shen, John Sloper, Nick Steen, Robert Taylor, Peter Tiffin, Luke Vale and Michael P Clarke
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:192
  18. Nutritional support is an essential part of the management of critically ill patients. However, optimal caloric intake has not been systematically evaluated. We aim to compare two strategies of enteral feeding...

    Authors: Yaseen M Arabi, Samir H Haddad, Abdulaziz S Aldawood, Hasan M Al-Dorzi, Hani M Tamim, Maram Sakkijha, Gwynne Jones, Lauralyn McIntyre, Sangeeta Mehta, Othman Solaiman, Musharaf Sadat, Lara Afesh and Bushra Sami
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:191
  19. Alcohol abuse comes with risks for increased morbidity and mortality among patients with HIV. This study aims to determine the prevalence of alcohol use and other risk factors in a sample of primary care patie...

    Authors: Diana Huis in ’t Veld, Linda Skaal, Karl Peltzer, Robert Colebunders, John V Ndimande and Supa Pengpid
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:190
  20. Maintenance of the blind-to-treatment allocation is one of the most important means of avoiding bias in randomised controlled clinical trials. Commonly used methodologies to determine whether patients have bec...

    Authors: Stephen Wright, Paul Duncombe and Douglas G Altman
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:189
  21. Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and the prevalence of hypertension tends to increase with age. Current treatments for hypertension have adverse side effects and poor adherence. The pu...

    Authors: Kyung-Min Shin, Ji-Eun Park, Yan Liu, Hee-Jung Jung, So-Young Jung, Min-Hee Lee, Kyung-Won Kang, Tae-Han Yook and Sun-Mi Choi
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:188
  22. Living with HIV makes considerable demands on a person in terms of self-management, especially as regards adherence to treatment and coping with adverse side-effects. The online HIV Treatment, Virtual Nursing ...

    Authors: José Côté, Gaston Godin, Yann-Gaël Guéhéneuc, Geneviève Rouleau, Pilar Ramirez-Garcìa, Joanne Otis, Cécile Tremblay and Ghayas Fadel
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:187
  23. Many women try to stop smoking in pregnancy but fail. One difficulty is that there is insufficient evidence that medications for smoking cessation are effective and safe in pregnancy and thus many women prefer...

    Authors: Michael Ussher, Paul Aveyard, Isaac Manyonda, Sarah Lewis, Robert West, Beth Lewis, Bess Marcus, Adrian H Taylor, Pelham Barton and Tim Coleman
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:186
  24. Rapid access chest pain clinics have facilitated the early diagnosis and treatment of patients with coronary heart disease and angina. Despite this important service provision, coronary heart disease continues...

    Authors: David E Newby, Michelle C Williams, Andrew D Flapan, John F Forbes, Allister D Hargreaves, Stephen J Leslie, Steff C Lewis, Graham McKillop, Scott McLean, John H Reid, James C Sprat, Neal G Uren, Edwin J van Beek, Nicholas A Boon, Liz Clark, Peter Craig…
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:184
  25. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with a disabling progressive course. Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has recently been d...

    Authors: Paolo Zamboni, Antonio Bertolotto, Paolo Boldrini, Patrizia Cenni, Roberto D’Alessandro, Roberto D’Amico, Massimo Del Sette, Roberto Galeotti, Stefania Galimberti, Alessandro Liberati, Luca Massacesi, Donato Papini, Fabrizio Salvi, Silvana Simi, Andrea Stella, Luigi Tesio…
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:183
  26. Diarrheal diseases and dengue fever are major global health problems. Where provision of clean water is inadequate, water storage is crucial. Fecal contamination of stored water is a common source of diarrheal...

    Authors: Hans J Overgaard, Neal Alexander, Maria Ines Mátiz, Juan Felipe Jaramillo, Victor Alberto Olano, Sandra Vargas, Diana Sarmiento, Audrey Lenhart, Razak Seidu and Thor Axel Stenström
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:182
  27. The purpose of this research is to develop and evaluate methods for conducting pragmatic cluster randomized trials in a primary care electronic database. The proposal describes one application, in a less frequ...

    Authors: Alex Dregan, Tjeerd van Staa, Lisa Mcdermott, Gerard McCann, Mark Ashworth, Judith Charlton, Charles Wolfe, Anthony Rudd, Lucy Yardley and Martin Gulliford
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:181
  28. Strategies to protect the brain from postoperative delirium (POD) after hip fracture are urgently needed. The development of delirium often is associated with the loss of independence, poor functional recovery...

    Authors: Mark Coburn, Robert D Sanders, Mervyn Maze and Rolf Rossaint
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:180
  29. Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a condition characterized by recurrent, self-reported symptoms from multiple organ systems, attributable to exposure to a wide range of chemically unrelated substances at...

    Authors: Christian Riise Hauge, Peter Jensa E Bonde, Alice Rasmussen and Sine Skovbjerg
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:179
  30. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing due to lifestyle changes, particularly affecting those genetically at risk. We developed DiAlert as a targeted group-based intervention aimed to promote int...

    Authors: Wieke H Heideman, Maartje de Wit, Barend JC Middelkoop, Vera Nierkens, Karien Stronks, Arnoud P Verhoeff and Frank J Snoek
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:178
  31. Severe TBI, defined as a Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 8, increases intracranial pressure and activates the sympathetic nervous system. Sympathetic hyperactivity after TBI manifests as catecholamine excess, hypertensio...

    Authors: Mayur B Patel, John W McKenna, JoAnn M Alvarez, Ayaka Sugiura, Judith M Jenkins, Oscar D Guillamondegui and Pratik P Pandharipande
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:177
  32. Beside traditional outcomes of safety and (cost-)effectiveness, the Institute of Medicine states patient-centeredness as an independent outcome indicator to evaluate the quality of healthcare. Providing patien...

    Authors: Aleida G Huppelschoten, Noortje TL van Duijnhoven, Rosella PMG Hermens, Chris Verhaak, Jan AM Kremer and Willianne LDM Nelen
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:175
  33. Risky drinking in pregnancy by UK women is likely to result in many alcohol-exposed pregnancies. Studies from the USA suggest that brief intervention has promise for alcohol risk reduction in antenatal care. H...

    Authors: Graeme B Wilson, Ruth McGovern, Grace Antony, Paul Cassidy, Mark Deverill, Erin Graybill, Eilish Gilvarry, Moira Hodgson, Eileen FS Kaner, Kirsty Laing, Elaine McColl, Dorothy Newbury-Birch and Judith Rankin
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:174
  34. Improving the quality of care for people with dementia and their carers has become a national priority in many countries. Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) groups can be beneficial in improving cognition and...

    Authors: Martin Orrell, Lauren A Yates, Alistair Burns, Ian Russell, Robert T Woods, Zoe Hoare, Esme Moniz-Cook, Catherine Henderson, Martin Knapp, Aimee Spector and Vasiliki Orgeta
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:172
  35. The diagnosis and treatment of cancer is associated with significant distress and psychosocial morbidity. Although psychosocial interventions have been developed in an attempt to improve psychosocial outcomes ...

    Authors: Robert Sanson-Fisher, Lisa Mackenzie, Phyllis Butow, Nicole Rankin and Christine Paul
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:171
  36. Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common devastating clinical syndrome characterized by life-threatening respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation and multiple organ failure. There are in vitro, animal stud...

    Authors: Daniel F McAuley, John G Laffey, Cecilia M O’Kane, Mark Cross, Gavin D Perkins, Lynn Murphy, Christine McNally, Grainne Crealey and Michael Stevenson
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:170
  37. Chronic musculoskeletal pain is common and has been increasingly managed by opioid medications, of which the long-term efficacy is unknown. Furthermore, there is evidence that long-term use of opioids is assoc...

    Authors: Charlie CL Xue, Robert D Helme, Stephen Gibson, Malcolm Hogg, Carolyn Arnold, Andrew A Somogyi, Cliff Da Costa, Yanyi Wang, Shao-chen Lu and Zhen Zheng
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:169
  38. Systemic Therapy for Advanced or Metastatic Prostate cancer: Evaluation of Drug Efficacy (STAMPEDE) is a randomized controlled trial that follows a novel multi-arm, multi-stage (MAMS) design. We describe metho...

    Authors: Matthew R Sydes, Mahesh KB Parmar, Malcolm D Mason, Noel W Clarke, Claire Amos, John Anderson, Johann de Bono, David P Dearnaley, John Dwyer, Charlene Green, Gordana Jovic, Alastair WS Ritchie, J Martin Russell, Karen Sanders, George Thalmann and Nicholas D James
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:168
  39. Exercise training (ET) in addition to optimal medical therapy (OMT) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) has been demonstrated to be superior to percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) with ...

    Authors: Madlen Uhlemann, Volker Adams, Karsten Lenk, Axel Linke, Sandra Erbs, Jennifer Adam, Holger Thiele, Thomas Hilberg, Matthias Gutberlet, Martin Grunze, Gerhard C Schuler and Sven Möbius-Winkler
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:167
  40. Whilst the overall proportion of young people drinking alcohol in the United Kingdom has decreased in recent years, those who do drink appear to drink a larger amount, and more frequently. Early and heavy drin...

    Authors: Stephanie O’Neil, Simon Coulton, Paolo Deluca, Mark Deverill, Colin Drummond, Eilish Gilvarry, Erin Graybill, Christine Harle, Denise Howel, Eileen Kaner, Paul McArdle, Elaine McColl, Ruth McGovern, Chris Speed, Elaine Stamp, Les Tate…
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:166
  41. There is evidence to suggest that delivery of diabetes self-management support by diabetes educators in primary care may improve patient care processes and patient clinical outcomes; however, the evaluation of...

    Authors: Enza Gucciardi, Mariella Fortugno, Stacey Horodezny, Wendy Lou, Souraya Sidani, Sherry Espin, Fiona Webster and Baiju R Shah
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:165
  42. World-wide healthcare systems are faced with an epidemic of type 2 diabetes. In the United Kingdom, clinical care is primarily provided by general practitioners (GPs) rather than hospital specialists. Intermed...

    Authors: Natalie Armstrong, Darrin Baines, Richard Baker, Richard Crossman, Melanie Davies, Ainsley Hardy, Kamlesh Khunti, Sudhesh Kumar, Joseph Paul O’Hare, Neil Raymond, Ponnusamy Saravanan, Nigel Stallard, Ala Szczepura and Andrew Wilson
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:164
  43. Increasing evidence suggests that use of augmented visual feedback could be a useful approach to stroke rehabilitation. In current clinical practice, visual feedback of movement performance is often limited to...

    Authors: Heather Thikey, Madeleine Grealy, Frederike van Wijck, Mark Barber and Philip Rowe
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:163
  44. Rapid conversion of atrial fibrillation (AF) to sinus rhythm may be achieved by the administration of class IA, IC and III antiarrhythmic drugs or vernakalant hydrochloride. However, that treatment may be rela...

    Authors: Michal M Farkowski, Aleksander Maciag, Rafal Dabrowski, Mariusz Pytkowski, Ilona Kowalik and Hanna Szwed
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:162
  45. Hwa-byung, a Korean culture-bound syndrome with both psychological and somatic symptoms, is also known as ‘anger syndrome’. It includes various physical symptoms including anxiety, a feeling of overheating, a ...

    Authors: Jeong-Su Park, Sunju Park, Chun-Hoo Cheon, Bo-Hyoung Jang, Song-Hee Lee, Seung-Hyun Lee, Sun-Yong Chung, Jong-Woo Kim, Chan-Yong Jeon, Jong-Hyeong Park, Yong-Cheol Shin and Seong-Gyu Ko
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:161
  46. Surgical microvascular decompression (MVD) is the curative treatment for hemifacial spasm (HFS). Monitoring MVD by recording the lateral spread response (LSR) intraoperatively can predict a successful clinical...

    Authors: Yuan Fang, Heng Zhang, Wenke Liu and Yu Li
    Citation: Trials 2012 13:160

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