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  1. Nonpharmacological secondary prevention of coronary heart disease is considered a safe and effective measure to substantially reduce mortality. Despite the effectiveness of lifestyle changes, the compliance ra...

    Authors: Matthias Michal, Perikles Simon, Tommaso Gori, Jochem König, Philipp S Wild, Jörg Wiltink, Suzan Tug, Björn Sterzing, Josef Unterrainer, Thomas Münzel and Manfred E Beutel
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:314
  2. In malaria endemic areas, schoolchildren usually have asymptomatic malaria infections and consequently remain untreated. Therefore, intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in schoolchi...

    Authors: Joachim Yorokpa Doua, Junior Matangila, Pascal Lutumba and Jean-Pierre Van geertruyden
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:311
  3. Oral cavity and oropharynx cancer are increasing in incidence worldwide but survival outcomes have not significantly improved over the last three decades. The presence of dysplasia or carcinoma in situ at surg...

    Authors: James A McCaul, James A Cymerman, Stuart Hislop, Chris McConkey, Jeremy McMahon, Hisham Mehanna, Richard Shaw, David N Sutton and Janet Dunn
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:310
  4. Recent studies in North American contexts have suggested that the Housing First model is a promising strategy for providing effective services to homeless people with mental illness. In the context of the high...

    Authors: Aurelie Tinland, Cecile Fortanier, Vincent Girard, Christian Laval, Benjamin Videau, Pauline Rhenter, Tim Greacen, Bruno Falissard, Themis Apostolidis, Christophe Lançon, Laurent Boyer and Pascal Auquier
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:309
  5. Therapy guidelines recommend speech and language therapy (SLT) as the “gold standard” for aphasia treatment. Treatment intensity (i.e., ≥5 hours of SLT per week) is a key predictor of SLT outcome. The scientif...

    Authors: Annette Baumgaertner, Tanja Grewe, Wolfram Ziegler, Agnes Floel, Luise Springer, Peter Martus and Caterina Breitenstein
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:308
  6. Artemisinin-based combination therapy is currently recommended by the World Health Organization as first-line treatment of uncomplicated malaria. Recommendations were adapted in 2010 regarding rescue treatment...

    Authors: Hypolite Muhindo Mavoko, Carolyn Nabasumba, Halidou Tinto, Umberto D’Alessandro, Martin Peter Grobusch, Pascal Lutumba and Jean-Pierre Van Geertruyden
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:307
  7. We have been investigating an ecologically valid strategy-training approach to enable adults with executive dysfunction to attain everyday life goals. Here, we report the protocol of a randomized controlled tr...

    Authors: Deirdre R Dawson, Nicole D Anderson, Malcolm A Binns, Carolina Bottari, Thecla Damianakis, Anne Hunt, Helene J Polatajko and Merrick Zwarenstein
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:306
  8. Dementia imposes a heavy burden on health and social care systems as well as on family caregivers who provide a substantial portion of the care. Interventions that effectively support caregivers may prevent or...

    Authors: Karlijn J Joling, Judith E Bosmans, Harm W J van Marwijk, Henriëtte E van der Horst, Philip Scheltens, Janet L MacNeil Vroomen and Hein P J van Hout
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:305
  9. After experiencing a stroke, most individuals also suffer from cardiac disease, are immobile and thus have low endurance for exercise. Aerobic capacity is seriously reduced in these individuals and does not re...

    Authors: Oliver Stoller, Eling D de Bruin, Corina Schuster-Amft, Matthias Schindelholz, Rob A de Bie and Kenneth J Hunt
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:304
  10. Hypertension, a worldwide public health problem, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and kidney disease, and the medical and economic burden of hypertension is increasing. Auricular acupuncture has been ...

    Authors: Joo-Hee Kim, Hyun Jung Jung, Tae-Hun Kim, Seunghoon Lee, Jung-Eun Kim, Kyung-Won Kang, So-Young Jung, Ae-Ran Kim, Hyo-Ju Park, Mi-Suk Shin, Kyung-Min Shin, Hee-Jung Jung, Seung-Deok Lee, Kwon-Eui Hong and Sun-Mi Choi
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:303
  11. Healthy, active ageing is strongly associated with good mental wellbeing which in turn helps to prevent mental illness. However, more investment has been made into research into interventions to prevent mental...

    Authors: Kirsty Sprange, Gail A Mountain, John Brazier, Sarah P Cook, Claire Craig, Daniel Hind, Stephen J Walters, Gill Windle, Robert Woods, Anju D Keetharuth, Tim Chater and Kath Horner
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:302
  12. An ageing population increases demand on health and social care. New approaches are needed to shift care from hospital to community and general practice. A predictive risk stratification tool (Prism) has been ...

    Authors: Hayley A Hutchings, Bridie A Evans, Deborah Fitzsimmons, Jane Harrison, Martin Heaven, Peter Huxley, Mark-Rhys Kingston, Leo Lewis, Ceri Phillips, Alison Porter, Ian T Russell, Bernadette Sewell, Daniel Warm, Alan Watkins and Helen A Snooks
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:301
  13. Animal experimental studies and previous randomized trials suggest an improvement in mortality and neurological function with temperature regulation to hypothermia after cardiac arrest. According to a systemat...

    Authors: Niklas Nielsen, Per Winkel, Tobias Cronberg, David Erlinge, Hans Friberg, Yvan Gasche, Christian Hassager, Janneke Horn, Jan Hovdenes, Jesper Kjaergaard, Michael Kuiper, Tommaso Pellis, Pascal Stammet, Michael Wanscher, Matt P Wise, Anders Åneman…
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:300
  14. The randomised, double blind intervention trial ‘Optimising Vitamin D Status in Older People’ (VDOP) will test the effect of three oral dosages of vitamin D given for one year on bone mineral density (BMD) and...

    Authors: Inez Schoenmakers, Roger M Francis, Elaine McColl, Thomas Chadwick, Gail R Goldberg, Christine Harle, Alison Yarnall, Jennifer Wilkinson, Jennie Parker, Ann Prentice and Terence Aspray
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:299
  15. A variety of videolaryngoscopes with angulated blade have been recently introduced into clinical practice. They provide an indirect view of the glottic structures in normal and challenging clinical settings. D...

    Authors: Aida Al-Qasmi, Wafa Al-Alawi, Azharuddin Mohammed Malik, Rashid Manzoor Khan and Naresh Kaul
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:298
  16. Within the UK, during September, there is a pronounced increase in the number of unscheduled medical contacts by school-aged children (4–16 years) with asthma. It is thought that that this might be caused by t...

    Authors: Michelle J Horspool, Steven A Julious, Jonathan Boote, Mike J Bradburn, Cindy L Cooper, Sarah Davis, Heather Elphick, Paul Norman, W Henry Smithson and Tjeerd vanStaa
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:297
  17. Sarcopenic obesity is a health condition that combines excess adipose tissue and loss of muscle mass and strength. Sarcopenic obesity predisposes to more functional disabilities than obesity or sarcopenia alon...

    Authors: Karina Simone de Souza Vasconcelos, João Marcos Domingues Dias, Marília Caixeta de Araújo, Ana Cisalpino Pinheiro, Marcela Machado Maia and Rosângela Corrêa Dias
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:296
  18. In the UK, 40% of Bangladeshi and 29% of Pakistani men smoke cigarettes regularly compared to the national average of 24%. As a consequence, second-hand smoking is also widespread in their households which is ...

    Authors: Hannah Ainsworth, Sarwat Shah, Faraz Ahmed, Amanda Amos, Ian Cameron, Caroline Fairhurst, Rebecca King, Ghazala Mir, Steve Parrott, Aziz Sheikh, David Torgerson, Heather Thomson and Kamran Siddiqi
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:295
  19. Worldwide, prevalence rates of adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) range between 13 and 45%. In Germany, lifetime prevalence of NSSI is around 25% in non-clinical samples, and the one-year prevalence fo...

    Authors: Gloria Fischer, Romuald Brunner, Peter Parzer, Franz Resch and Michael Kaess
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:294
  20. Non-randomised studies have suggested that the postoperative complications of (Campos LS, Limberger LF, Stein AT, Kalil AN) laparoscopic radical hysterectomy are similar to those in abdominal radical hysterect...

    Authors: Luciana Silveira Campos, Leo Francisco Limberger, Airton Tetelbom Stein and Antonio Nocchi Kalil
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:293
  21. In the majority of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee the disease originates in the medial compartment. There are two fundamentally different approaches to knee replacement for patients with unicompartme...

    Authors: David Beard, Andrew Price, Jonathan Cook, Ray Fitzpatrick, Andrew Carr, Marion Campbell, Helen Doll, Helen Campbell, Nigel Arden, Cushla Cooper, Loretta Davies and David Murray
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:292
  22. Rehabilitation after spinal cord injury (SCI) has traditionally involved teaching compensatory strategies for identified impairments and deficits in order to improve functional independence. There is some evid...

    Authors: Mary P Galea, Sarah A Dunlop, Glen M Davis, Andrew Nunn, Timothy Geraghty, Ya-seng (Arthur) Hsueh and Leonid Churilov
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:291
  23. Psychologically informed rehabilitation programmes such as the Progressive Goal Attainment Program (PGAP) have the potential to address pain-related disability by targeting known psychological factors that inh...

    Authors: Miriam N Raftery, Andrew W Murphy, Eamon O’Shea, John Newell and Brian E McGuire
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:290
  24. Supporting self-management behaviours is recommended guidance for people with asthma. Preliminary work suggests that a brief, intensive, patient-centred intervention may be successful in supporting people with...

    Authors: Gaylor Hoskins, Purva Abhyankar, Anne D Taylor, Edward Duncan, Aziz Sheikh, Hilary Pinnock, Marjon van der Pol, Peter T Donnan and Brian Williams
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:289
  25. Anaemia following hip fracture is common. Approximately 30 to 45% of patients have haemoglobin concentrations below population norms on admission, and around 10% are severely anaemic. Anaemia on admission, and...

    Authors: Martin Rowlands, Daren P Forward, Opinder Sahota and Iain K Moppett
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:288
  26. Black men have the greatest burden of premature death and disability from hypertension (HTN) in the United States, and the highest incidence and mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC). While several clinical t...

    Authors: Joseph Ravenell, Hayley Thompson, Helen Cole, Jordan Plumhoff, Gia Cobb, Lola Afolabi, Carla Boutin-Foster, Martin Wells, Marian Scott and Gbenga Ogedegbe
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:287
  27. Raising cancer awareness among adolescents has potential to increase their knowledge and confidence in identifying cancer symptoms and seeking timely medical help in adolescence and adulthood. Detecting cancer...

    Authors: Richard G Kyle, Iona Macmillan, Petra Rauchhaus, Ronan O’Carroll, Richard D Neal, Liz Forbat, Sally Haw and Gill Hubbard
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:286
  28. Evidence from the USA suggests that the home-based Family Nurse Partnership program (FNP), extending from early pregnancy until infants are 24 months, can reduce the risk of child abuse and neglect throughout ...

    Authors: Jacqueline Barnes, Dipti Aistrop, Elizabeth Allen, Jane Barlow, Diana Elbourne, Geraldine Macdonald, Edward Melhuish, Stavros Petrou, Joshua Pink, Claire Snowdon, Helen Spiby, Jane Stuart and Joanna Sturgess
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:285
  29. Organic nitrates uncouple bone turnover, improve bone mineral density, and improve trabecular and cortical components of bone. These changes in turnover, strength and geometry may translate into an important r...

    Authors: Roxana C Bucur, Lauren S Reid, Celeste J Hamilton, Steven R Cummings and Sophie A Jamal
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:284
  30. Scarce information exists regarding the preventive effect of periodontal treatment in the recurrence of cardiovascular events. Prevention may be achieved by targeting risk factors for recurrent coronary artery...

    Authors: Marco Aurélio Lumertz Saffi, Mariana Vargas Furtado, Márlon Munhoz Montenegro, Ingrid Webb Josephson Ribeiro, Cassio Kampits, Eneida Rejane Rabelo-Silva, Carisi Anne Polanczyk, Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing and Alex Nogueira Haas
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:283
  31. Recurrent protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB), chronic suppurative lung disease (CSLD) and bronchiectasis are characterised by a chronic wet cough and are important causes of childhood respiratory morbidity ...

    Authors: Kerry-Ann F O’Grady, Keith Grimwood, Allan Cripps, Edward K Mulholland, Peter Morris, Paul J Torzillo, Nicholas Wood, Heidi Smith-Vaughan, Amber Revell, Andrew Wilson, Peter Van Asperen, Peter Richmond, Ruth Thornton, Sheree Rablin and Anne B Chang
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:282
  32. Xerostomia, a subjective sense of dry mouth, is not generally regarded a disease despite its high prevalence among the elderly, and therefore continues to impair affected patients’ quality of life. In traditio...

    Authors: Gajin Han, Jae-Woo Park, Seok-Jae Ko, Jihee Son, Jongki Seon, Juyeon Kim, Seulki Kim, Inkwon Yeo, Bongha Ryu and Jinsung Kim
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:281
  33. Recent reviews suggest that telemedicine solutions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may prevent hospital readmissions and emergency room visits and improve health-related quality ...

    Authors: Anna Svarre Jakobsen, Lars C Laursen, Birte Østergaard, Susan Rydahl-Hansen and Klaus V Phanareth
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:280
  34. Studies have shown that lifestyle interventions are effective in preventing or delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes in high-risk patients. However, research on the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in ...

    Authors: Sanjib Saha, Matti Leijon, Ulf Gerdtham, Kristina Sundquist, Jan Sundquist, Daniel Arvidsson and Louise Bennet
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:279
  35. Dental caries is a common disease and affects many adults worldwide. Inlay or onlay restoration is widely used to treat the resulting tooth substance loss. Two esthetic materials can be used to manufacture an ...

    Authors: Hélène Fron Chabouis, Caroline Prot, Cyrille Fonteneau, Karim Nasr, Olivier Chabreron, Stéphane Cazier, Christian Moussally, Alexandre Gaucher, Inès Khabthani Ben Jaballah, Renaud Boyer, Jean-François Leforestier, Aurore Caumont-Prim, Florence Chemla, Louis Maman, Cathy Nabet and Jean-Pierre Attal
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:278
  36. Clinical trials in traumatic brain injury (TBI) are challenging. Previous trials of complex interventions were conducted in high-income countries, reported long lead times for site setup and low screened-to-re...

    Authors: Peter J D Andrews, Louise H Sinclair, Bridget Harris, Melissa J Baldwin, Claire G Battison, Jonathan K J Rhodes, Gordon Murray and Daniel De Backer
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:277
  37. Visual information comprises one of the most salient sources of information used to control walking and the dependence on vision to maintain dynamic stability increases following a stroke. We hypothesize, ther...

    Authors: Kristen L Hollands, Trudy Pelton, Andrew Wimperis, Diane Whitham, Sue Jowett, Catherine Sackley, Wing Alan and Paulette van Vliet
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:276
  38. Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Cardiovascular (CV) complications are the most common cause of death among ESRD patients. Beraprost sodium (BPS) is a prostacyclin a...

    Authors: Ki Young Na, Dong Ki Kim, Sung Gyun Kim, Young-Ki Lee and Chun Soo Lim
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:275
  39. Most HIV prevention strategies assume beneficiaries can act on their prevention decisions. But some people are unable to do so. They are ‘choice-disabled’. Economic and educational interventions can reduce sex...

    Authors: Neil Andersson, Anne Cockcroft, Lehana Thabane, Nobantu Marokoane, Ditiro Laetsang and Mokgweetsi Masisi
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:274
  40. Inositol has been reported to improve insulin sensitivity since it works as a second messenger achieving insulin-like effects on metabolic enzymes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inositol and alpha ...

    Authors: Immacolata Capasso, Emanuela Esposito, Nicola Maurea, Maurizio Montella, Anna Crispo, Michelino De Laurentiis, Massimiliano D’Aiuto, Giuseppe Frasci, Gerardo Botti, Maria Grimaldi, Ernesta Cavalcanti, Giuseppe Esposito, Alfredo Fucito, Giuseppe Brillante, Giuseppe D’Aiuto and Gennaro Ciliberto
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:273
  41. There is increasing evidence linking vitamin D deficiency to both susceptibility to, and severity of, multiple sclerosis (MS). Patients with the clinically isolated syndrome represent the initial presentation ...

    Authors: Karen O’Connell, Siobhan Kelly, Katie Kinsella, Sinead Jordan, Orla Kenny, David Murphy, Eric Heffernan, Risteard O’Laoide, Donal O’Shea, Carmel McKenna, Lorraine Cassidy, Jean Fletcher, Cathal Walsh, Jennifer Brady, Christopher McGuigan, Niall Tubridy…
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:272
  42. In line with the growing number of surgical procedures being performed worldwide, postoperative complications are also increasing proportionately. Prevention of these postoperative complications is a high medi...

    Authors: Christine Fink, Markus K Diener, Thomas Bruckner, Gisela Müller, Lisa Paulsen, Monika Keller, Markus W Büchler and Phillip Knebel
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:271
  43. In severe coronary artery disease, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery is indicated to re-establish an adequate blood supply to the ischemic myocardium. Effectiveness of CABG surgery for symptom rel...

    Authors: Ariane Drouin, Nicolas Noiseux, Carl Chartrand-Lefebvre, Gilles Soulez, Samer Mansour, Jan-Alexis Tremblay, Fadi Basile, Ignacio Prieto and Louis-Mathieu Stevens
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:270
  44. Several years ago, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the auditory cortex has been introduced as a treatment approach for chronic tinnitus. Even if this treatment is beneficial for a subgro...

    Authors: Astrid Lehner, Martin Schecklmann, Peter M Kreuzer, Timm B Poeppl, Rainer Rupprecht and Berthold Langguth
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:269

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Trials 2014 15:148

  45. While early programs to prevent aggression and violence are widely used, only a few controlled trials of effectiveness of psychoanalytically based prevention programs for preschoolers have been evaluated. This...

    Authors: Katrin Luise Laezer, Marianne Leuzinger-Bohleber, Bernhard Rüger and Tamara Fischmann
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:268
  46. The decision aids for diabetes (DAD) trial explored the feasibility of testing the effectiveness of decision aids (DAs) about coronary prevention and diabetes medications in community-based primary care practi...

    Authors: Kari L Ruud, Annie LeBlanc, Rebecca J Mullan, Laurie J Pencille, Kristina Tiedje, Megan E Branda, Holly K Van Houten, Sara R Heim, Margary Kurland, Nilay D Shah, Barbara P Yawn and Victor M Montori
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:267
  47. Functional decline (FD) is a largely preventable feature of aging, characterized as gradual erosion of functional autonomy. This reduces an older person’s capacity for safe, independent community living. The h...

    Authors: Karen Grimmer, Julie Luker, Kate Beaton, Saravana Kumar, Alan Crockett and Kay Price
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:266
  48. There is an urgent need for clinically effective and cost-effective methods to manage antisocial and criminal behaviour in adolescents. Youth conduct disorder is increasingly prevalent in the UK and is associa...

    Authors: Peter Fonagy, Stephen Butler, Ian Goodyer, David Cottrell, Stephen Scott, Stephen Pilling, Ivan Eisler, Peter Fuggle, Abdullah Kraam, Sarah Byford, James Wason and Rachel Haley
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:265
  49. An arteriovenous fistula is the optimal form of vascular access in patients with end-stage renal failure requiring haemodialysis. Unfortunately, approximately one-third of fistulae fail at an early stage. Diff...

    Authors: Alan James Robert Macfarlane, Rachel Joyce Kearns, Emma Aitken, John Kinsella and Marc James Clancy
    Citation: Trials 2013 14:263

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