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  1. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a parasitic disease transmitted by sandflies and is fatal if left untreated. Phase II trials of new treatment regimens for VL are primarily carried out to evaluate safety and eff...

    Authors: Annabel Allison, Tansy Edwards, Raymond Omollo, Fabiana Alves, Dominic Magirr and Neal D. E. Alexander
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:522
  2. Authors: Cherry-Ann Waldron, Emma Thomas-Jones, Debbie Harris, Vicky Shepherd, Rebecca Cannings-John, Kerry Hood, Nick Francis and Chris Butler
    Citation: Trials 2015 16(Suppl 2):P119

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 16 Supplement 2

  3. Authors: Piers Gaunt, Hisham Mehanna and Christina Yap
    Citation: Trials 2015 16(Suppl 2):O16

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 16 Supplement 2

  4. A previous study reported that arginyl-fructose may have great value as a functional food with antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. However, there have been few clinical studies on the efficacy of arginyl-...

    Authors: Su Eun Park, Ok-Hwan Kim, Jung Hyun Kwak, Kwang-Hyoung Lee, Young-In Kwon, Kwang Hoe Chung and Jong Ho Lee
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:521
  5. Interventions to decrease the burden of childhood malnutrition are urgently needed, as millions of children die annually owing to undernutrition and hundreds of millions more are left cognitively and physicall...

    Authors: Indi Trehan, Nicole S. Benzoni, Alfred Z. Wang, Lucy B. Bollinger, Theresa N. Ngoma, Ulemu K. Chimimba, Kevin B. Stephenson, Sophia E. Agapova, Kenneth M. Maleta and Mark J. Manary
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:520
  6. Atypical meningiomas are an intermediate grade brain tumour with a recurrence rate of 39–58 %. It is not known whether early adjuvant radiotherapy reduces the risk of tumour recurrence and whether the potentia...

    Authors: Michael D. Jenkinson, Mohsen Javadpour, Brian J. Haylock, Bridget Young, Helen Gillard, Jacqui Vinten, Helen Bulbeck, Kumar Das, Michael Farrell, Seamus Looby, Helen Hickey, Mattheus Preusser, Conor L. Mallucci, Dyfrig Hughes, Carrol Gamble and Damien C. Weber
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:519
  7. The LiGHT trial (Laser-1st versus Drops-1st for Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension Trial) is a multicentre randomised controlled trial of two treatment pathways for patients who are newly diagnosed with open-ang...

    Authors: Victoria Vickerstaff, Gareth Ambler, Catey Bunce, Wen Xing and Gus Gazzard
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:517

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Trials 2017 18:318

  8. International epidemiological research into violence against children is increasing in scope and frequency, but little has been written about practical management of the ethical aspects of conducting such rese...

    Authors: Karen M. Devries, Jennifer C. Child, Diana Elbourne, Dipak Naker and Lori Heise
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:516
  9. The COMET Initiative database is a repository of studies relevant to the development of core outcome sets (COS). Use of the website continues to increase, with more than 16,500 visits in 2014 (36 % increase ov...

    Authors: Elizabeth Gargon, Paula R. Williamson, Doug G. Altman, Jane M. Blazeby and Mike Clarke
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:515
  10. Currently, there still is no treatment that eliminates tinnitus in all patients. Recent studies have shown that Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT) significantly improves quality of life for tinnitus patients. A...

    Authors: Sarah Rabau, Vincent Van Rompaey and Paul Van de Heyning
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:514
  11. Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) are the commonest cause of leg ulceration, affecting 1 in 100 adults. There is a significant health burden associated with VLUs – it is estimated that the cost of treatment for 1 ulcer...

    Authors: Helen Tilbrook, Rachael O. Forsythe, Debbie Rolfe, Laura Clark, Martin Bland, Hannah Buckley, Ian Chetter, Liz Cook, Jo Dumville, Rhian Gabe, Keith Harding, Alison Layton, Ellie Lindsay, Catriona McDaid, Christine Moffatt, Ceri Phillips…
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:513
  12. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is projected to affect 439 million people by 2030. Medical management focuses on controlling blood glucose levels pharmacologically in a disease that is closely related to lifestyle facto...

    Authors: Kylie A. Simpson, Yorgi Mavros, Shelley Kay, Jacinda Meiklejohn, Nathan de Vos, Yi Wang, Qianyu Guo, Renru Zhao, Mike Climstein, Bernard T. Baune, Steven Blair, Anthony J. O’Sullivan, David Simar, Nalin Singh and Maria A. Fiatarone Singh
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:512
  13. Central sensitization is modulated by the endogenous opioid system and plays a major role in the development and maintenance of pain. Recent animal studies performed following resolution of inflammatory pain s...

    Authors: Manuel Pedro Pereira, Mads Utke Werner and Joergen Berg Dahl
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:511

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Trials 2016 17:41

  14. The assessment of treatment success in clinical trials when multiple (repeated) doses (courses) are involved is quite common, for example, in the case of infertility treatment with assisted reproductive techno...

    Authors: Armando H. Seuc, Iqbal H. Shah, Moazzam Ali, Claudia Diaz-Olavarrieta and Marleen Temmerman
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:510
  15. A common complication after stroke is development of cognitive impairment and dementia. However, effective strategies for reducing the risk of developing these problems remain undefined. Potential strategies i...

    Authors: Polly Scutt, Dan Blackburn, Kailash Krishnan, Clive Ballard, Alistair Burns, Gary A. Ford, Jonathan Mant, Peter Passmore, Stuart Pocock, John Reckless, Nikola Sprigg, Rob Stewart, Joanna M. Wardlaw and Philip M. Bath
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:509
  16. Upper limb apraxia is a common disorder associated with stroke that can reduce patients’ independence levels in activities of daily living and increase levels of disability. Traditional rehabilitation programs...

    Authors: Jose Manuel Pérez-Mármol, Mª Carmen García-Ríos, Francisco J. Barrero-Hernandez, Guadalupe Molina-Torres, Ted Brown and María Encarnación Aguilar-Ferrándiz
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:508
  17. Anxiety disorders are the most common type of mental health problem and begin early in life. Early intervention to prevent anxiety problems in young children who are at risk has the potential for long-term imp...

    Authors: Amy J. Morgan, Ronald M. Rapee, Elli Tamir, Nahal Goharpey, Agus Salim, Lauren F. McLellan and Jordana K. Bayer
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:507
  18. Social participation is challenging for people with visual impairments. As a result, on average, social networks are smaller, romantic relationships formed later, educational achievements lower, and career pro...

    Authors: Eline C. M. Heppe, Sabina Kef and Carlo Schuengel
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:506
  19. In England and Scotland, dental extraction is the single highest cause of planned admission to the hospital for children under 11 years. Traditional dental services have had limited success in reducing this di...

    Authors: Cynthia Pine, Pauline Adair, Girvan Burnside, Louise Robinson, Rhiannon Tudor Edwards, Sondos Albadri, Morag Curnow, Marjan Ghahreman, Mary Henderson, Clare Malies, Ferranti Wong, Vanessa Muirhead, Sally Weston-Price and Hilary Whitehead
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:505
  20. Rates of surgical site infections (SSIs) following groin incision for femoral artery exposure are much higher than expected of a clean operation. The morbidity and mortality is high, particularly with the use ...

    Authors: Patrick Murphy, Kevin Lee, Luc Dubois, Guy DeRose, Thomas Forbes and Adam Power
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:504
  21. Hemodynamic optimization during surgery is of major importance to decrease postoperative morbidity and length of hospital stay. However, conventional cardiac output monitoring is rarely used at the bedside. Re...

    Authors: Marc-Olivier Fischer, Georges Daccache, Sandrine Lemoine, Benoît Tavernier, Vincent Compère, Christophe Hulet, Chems Eddine Bouchakour, Christophe Canevet, Jean-Louis Gérard, Lydia Guittet, Emmanuel Lorne, Jean-Luc Hanouz and Jean-Jacques Parienti
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:503
  22. Conducting clinical trials with pre-term or sick infants is important if care for this population is to be underpinned by sound evidence. Yet approaching parents at this difficult time raises challenges for th...

    Authors: E. Wilman, C. Megone, S. Oliver, L. Duley, G. Gyte and J. M. Wright
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:502
  23. Self-harm is common in the community with a lifetime prevalence of 13 %. It is associated with an elevated risk of overall mortality and suicide. People who harm themselves are high users of public services. E...

    Authors: Alexandra Wright-Hughes, Elizabeth Graham, Amanda Farrin, Michelle Collinson, Paula Boston, Ivan Eisler, Sarah Fortune, Jonathan Green, Allan House, David Owens, Mima Simic, Sandy Tubeuf, Jane Nixon, Christopher McCabe, Michael Kerfoot and David Cottrell
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:501
  24. Septoplasty, i.e., surgical correction of the deviated nasal septum, is the most common ear, nose and throat (ENT) operation in adults. Currently the main indication to perform septoplasty is nasal obstruction...

    Authors: M. M. H. T. van Egmond, M. M. Rovers, C. T. M. Hendriks and N. van Heerbeek
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:500
  25. Depressive symptoms and memory problems are significant risk factors for dementia. Exercise can reduce depressive symptoms and improve cognitive function in older people. In addition, the benefits of horticult...

    Authors: Hyuma Makizako, Kota Tsutsumimoto, Takehiko Doi, Ryo Hotta, Sho Nakakubo, Teresa Liu-Ambrose and Hiroyuki Shimada
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:499
  26. The average incidence of preterm birth in the world is up to 11.1 %, and deaths of preterm children account for more than 50 % of neonatal deaths. Gastrointestinal function of preterm children with a gestation...

    Authors: Li-Ping Yin, Li-Juan Qian, Huan Zhu, Yan Chen, Han Li, Ji-Nan Han and Li-Xing Qiao
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:498
  27. The management of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) patients remains controversial. Furthermore, curative attempts to treat ruptured AVM patients have not been questioned so far, and there is a la...

    Authors: Tim E. Darsaut, Elsa Magro, Jean-Christophe Gentric, André Lima Batista, Chiraz Chaalala, David Roberge, Michel W. Bojanowski, Alain Weill, Daniel Roy and Jean Raymond
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:497
  28. At present, diabetes is a chronic disease of great cost and heavy burdens. The International Diabetes Federation has repeatedly warned that by 2025, the global number of diabetics would rise to 333 million fro...

    Authors: Xiao Sun, Liping Guo, Hongcai Shang, Ming Ren, Yue Wang, Da Huo, Xiang Lei, Hui Wang and Jingbo Zhai
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:496
  29. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are conducted under idealized and rigorously controlled conditions that may compromise their external validity. A literature review was conducted of published English langua...

    Authors: Tessa Kennedy-Martin, Sarah Curtis, Douglas Faries, Susan Robinson and Joseph Johnston
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:495
  30. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with chronic biases in the allocation of attention and recollection of personal memories. Impaired flexibility in attention and autobiographical memory retrieval i...

    Authors: Caitlin Hitchcock, Emily Hammond, Catrin Rees, Inderpal Panesar, Peter Watson, Aliza Werner-Seidler and Tim Dalgleish
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:494
  31. Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is a chronic and pervasive condition that generates high levels of psychological stress, and it is difficult to treat in the long term. Current pharmacotherapeutic options fo...

    Authors: Karen M. Savage, Con K. Stough, Gerard J. Byrne, Andrew Scholey, Chad Bousman, Jenifer Murphy, Patricia Macdonald, Chao Suo, Matthew Hughes, Stuart Thomas, Rolf Teschke, Chengguo Xing and Jerome Sarris
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:493
  32. Clinically effective and cost-effective methods for managing problematic sexual behaviour in adolescents are urgently needed. Adolescents who show problematic sexual behaviour have a range of negative psychoso...

    Authors: Peter Fonagy, Stephen Butler, Geoffrey Baruch, Sarah Byford, Michael C. Seto, James Wason, Charles Wells, Jessie Greisbach, Rachel Ellison and Elizabeth Simes
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:492
  33. In the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy HIV is now viewed as a chronic disease. Although people living with HIV are living longer lives, they are prone to a number of disabilities. Home-based rehabi...

    Authors: Saul Cobbing, Jill Hanass-Hancock and Hellen Myezwa
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:491
  34. Too much prolonged sitting is a prevalent health risk among adults. Interventions have focused mainly on the workplace, with limited attention to non-work settings. The effectiveness of a short-term interventi...

    Authors: Pedro B. Júdice, Marc T. Hamilton, Luís B. Sardinha and Analiza M. Silva
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:490

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