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  1. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of disability and hospital admission. Current management strategies have not been successful in altering the loss of lung function typically seen a...

    Authors: Roger M. Engel, Jaxson Wearing, Peter Gonski and Subramanyam Vemulpad
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:282
  2. The way in which pragmatic trials are designed suggests that there are differences between the experiences of participants randomised to usual care and intervention arms. These potential differences relate not...

    Authors: Katrina M. Turner, John Percival, David Kessler and Jenny Donovan
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:279
  3. Unipolar and bipolar disorder combined account for nearly half of all morbidity and mortality due to mental and substance use disorders, and burden society with the highest health care costs of all psychiatric...

    Authors: Maria Faurholt-Jepsen, Mads Frost, Klaus Martiny, Nanna Tuxen, Nicole Rosenberg, Jonas Busk, Ole Winther, Jakob Eyvind Bardram and Lars Vedel Kessing
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:277
  4. People with a mental illness experience a greater morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases relative to the general population. A higher prevalence of modifiable health risk behaviours such as smoking, poo...

    Authors: Caitlin Fehily, Kate Bartlem, John Wiggers, Paula Wye, Richard Clancy, David Castle, Sonia Wutzke, Chris Rissel, Andrew Wilson, Paul McCombie, Fionna Murphy and Jenny Bowman
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:276
  5. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) frequently complicates systemic autoimmune disorders resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. The connective tissue diseases (CTDs) most frequently resulting in ILD in...

    Authors: Peter Saunders, Vicky Tsipouri, Gregory J. Keir, Deborah Ashby, Marcus D. Flather, Helen Parfrey, Daphne Babalis, Elisabetta A. Renzoni, Christopher P. Denton, Athol U. Wells and Toby M. Maher
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:275
  6. The treatment of idiopathic full-thickness macular holes involves surgery to close the hole. Some surgeons advise patients to adopt a face-down position to increase the likelihood of successful macular hole cl...

    Authors: Lauren Bell, Richard Hooper, Catey Bunce, Saruban Pasu and James Bainbridge
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:274
  7. Systematic reviews provide the best evidence on the effect of health care interventions. They rely on comprehensive access to the available scientific literature. Electronic search strategies alone may not suf...

    Authors: Hector Pardo-Hernandez, Gerard Urrútia, Leticia A. Barajas-Nava, Diana Buitrago-Garcia, Julieth Vanessa Garzón, María José Martínez-Zapata and Xavier Bonfill
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:273
  8. High blood pressure (BP) is the leading attributable risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). In rural South Asia, hypertension continues to be a significant public health issue with sub-optimal BP control rates...

    Authors: Tazeen H. Jafar, Imtiaz Jehan, H. Asita de Silva, Aliya Naheed, Mihir Gandhi, Pryseley Assam, Eric A. Finkelstein, Helena Legido Quigley, Marcel Bilger, Aamir Hameed Khan, John David Clemens, Shah Ebrahim, Elizabeth L. Turner and Anuradhani Kasturiratne
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:272

    The Update to this article has been published in Trials 2018 19:658

  9. A key step in the design of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) is the estimation of the number of participants needed. By far the most common approach is to specify a target difference and then estimate the c...

    Authors: Jonathan A. Cook, Steven A. Julious, William Sones, Joanne C. Rothwell, Craig R. Ramsay, Lisa V. Hampson, Richard Emsley, Stephen J. Walters, Catherine Hewitt, Martin Bland, Dean A. Fergusson, Jesse A. Berlin, Doug Altman and Luke D. Vale
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:271
  10. To facilitate the delivery of proven maternal, neonatal, and child health (MNCH) services, a new cadre of village-based frontline workers, called the Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs), was created in ...

    Authors: Dhiren Modi, Shrey Desai, Kapilkumar Dave, Shobha Shah, Gayatri Desai, Nishith Dholakia, Ravi Gopalan and Pankaj Shah
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:270
  11. Authors: Michele Brignole, Marco Tomaino, Arnaud Aerts, Fabrizio Ammirati, Félix Alejandro Ayala-Paredes, Jean-Claude Deharo, Attilio Del Rosso, Mohamed H. Hamdan, Maurizio Lunati, Angel Moya and Alessio Gargaro
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:269

    The original article was published in Trials 2017 18:208

  12. In recent years, cold hypersensitivity in the hands (CHH) has become a common ailment of women in Korea. It can lead to gynecological problems such as irregular menstruation, miscarriage, and infertility. Trad...

    Authors: Youme Ko, Ho-Yeon Go, Yoon-Young Cho, Ji-Hye Shin, Tae-Hoon Kim, Dong-Jun Choi, Jin-Moo Lee, Jun-Bok Jang, Yun-Kyung Song, Seong-Gyu Ko, Seung-Ho Sun and Chan-Yong Jeon
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:268
  13. Patients’ evolving critical illness can be predicted and prevented. However, failure to identify the signs of critical illness and subsequent lack of appropriate action for patients developing acute and critic...

    Authors: Claus Sixtus Jensen, Hanne Aagaard, Hanne Vebert Olesen and Hans Kirkegaard
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:267
  14. Randomised controlled trials are widely established as the best method for testing health interventions whilst minimising bias. However, recruitment and subsequent retention of children and adolescents in heal...

    Authors: Jacqueline Martin-Kerry, Peter Bower, Bridget Young, Jonathan Graffy, Rebecca Sheridan, Ian Watt, Paul Baines, Catherine Stones, Jennifer Preston, Steven Higgins, Carrol Gamble and Peter Knapp
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:265
  15. There is no consensus on which lung-protective strategies should be used in cardiac surgery patients. Sparse and small randomized clinical and animal trials suggest that maintaining mechanical ventilation duri...

    Authors: Elena Bignami, Marcello Guarnieri, Francesco Saglietti, Enivarco Massimo Maglioni, Sabino Scolletta, Stefano Romagnoli, Stefano De Paulis, Gianluca Paternoster, Cinzia Trumello, Roberta Meroni, Antonio Scognamiglio, Alessandro Maria Budillon, Vincenzo Pota, Alberto Zangrillo and Ottavio Alfieri
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:264
  16. Despite the lack of scientific studies on biofield therapies, they are widely acclaimed by patients. The mechanisms of action are not explained by current allopathic medical approaches. Warts are common and co...

    Authors: Cathy Gaillard, Laure Allain, Hélène Legros, Sylvie Brucato, Yohann Desgue, Christophe Rouillon, Laure Peyro-Saint-Paul and Anne Dompmartin
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:263
  17. Around 70% neonatal deaths occur in low birth weight (LBW) babies. Globally, 15% of babies are born with LBW. Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) appears to be an effective way to reduce mortality and morbidity among L...

    Authors: Sarmila Mazumder, Sunita Taneja, Suresh Kumar Dalpath, Rakesh Gupta, Brinda Dube, Bireshwar Sinha, Kiran Bhatia, Sachiyo Yoshida, Ole Frithjof Norheim, Rajiv Bahl, Halvor Sommerfelt, Nita Bhandari and Jose Martines
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:262
  18. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is essential practice when dosing drugs with a narrow therapeutic index in order to achieve a plasma drug concentration within a narrow target range above the efficacy concent...

    Authors: Maia Lesosky, John Joska and Eric Decloedt
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:261
  19. The relationship between dietary components and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) needs to be further investigated. The potential health benefits of cardamom have been found in some studies. Cardamom sh...

    Authors: Milad Daneshi-Maskooni, Seyed Ali Keshavarz, Siavash Mansouri, Mostafa Qorbani, Seyed Moayed Alavian, Mahtab Badri-Fariman, Seyed Ali Jazayeri-Tehrani and Gity Sotoudeh
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:260
  20. Dissociative seizures (DSs), also called psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, are a distressing and disabling problem for many patients in neurological settings with high and often unnecessary economic costs. The ...

    Authors: Emily J. Robinson, Laura H. Goldstein, Paul McCrone, Iain Perdue, Trudie Chalder, John D. C. Mellers, Mark P. Richardson, Joanna Murray, Markus Reuber, Nick Medford, Jon Stone, Alan Carson and Sabine Landau
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:258
  21. Hazardous and harmful consumption of alcohol is a leading cause of preventable disease and premature deaths. Modifying the amount and pattern of risky alcohol consumption conveys substantial benefits to indivi...

    Authors: Eleonor Säfsten, Yvonne Forsell, Mats Ramstedt and Maria Rosaria Galanti
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:257
  22. Insomnia is common in primary care medical practices. Although behavioral treatments for insomnia are safe, efficacious, and recommended in practice guidelines, they are not widely-available, and their effects...

    Authors: Jessica C. Levenson, Bruce L. Rollman, Lee M. Ritterband, Patrick J. Strollo, Kenneth J. Smith, Jonathan G. Yabes, Charity G. Moore, Allison G. Harvey and Daniel J. Buysse
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:256
  23. Delayed graft function (DGF) is traditionally defined as the requirement for dialysis during the first week after transplantation. DGF is a common complication of renal transplantation, and it negatively affec...

    Authors: Theodoros Kassimatis, Anass Qasem, Abdel Douiri, Elizabeth G. Ryan, Irene Rebollo-Mesa, Laura L. Nichols, Roseanna Greenlaw, Jonathon Olsburgh, Richard A. Smith, Steven H. Sacks and Martin Drage
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:255
  24. Most air medical Emergency Medical Services (EMS) clinicians work extended duration shifts, and more than 50% report inadequate sleep, poor sleep quality, and/or poor recovery between shifts. The SleepTrackTXT...

    Authors: P. Daniel Patterson, Charity G. Moore, Frank X. Guyette, Jack M. Doman, Denisse Sequeira, Howard A. Werman, Doug Swanson, David Hostler, Joshua Lynch, Lindsey Russo, Linda Hines, Karen Swecker, Michael S. Runyon and Daniel J. Buysse
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:254
  25. Multiple pregnancies are one of the major safety concerns of in vitro fertilization (IVF) due to the increased risk of maternal and neonatal complications. Single embryo transfer is the most effective way to r...

    Authors: Daimin Wei, Yun Sun, Jiayin Liu, Xiaoyan Liang, Yimin Zhu, Yuhua Shi and Zi-Jiang Chen
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:253
  26. Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common neurological pathology, especially in older patients. The actual “gold standard” of treatment is surgical evacuation, with various techniques used across neurosurgi...

    Authors: Pierre-Louis Henaux, Pierre-Jean Le Reste, Bruno Laviolle and Xavier Morandi
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:252
  27. De Qi is a special sensational response upon acupuncture needling. According to traditional acupuncture theory, the treatment is “effective only after Qi arrival”; that is, De Qi is an...

    Authors: Min Li, Hongwen Yuan, Pei Wang, Siyuan Xin, Jie Hao, Miaomiao Liu, Jinfeng Li, Man Yu and Xinrui Zhang
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:251
  28. Resistant hypertension is a specific condition that affects approximately 10% of subjects with hypertension, and is characterized by persistently high blood pressure levels even using therapy of three or more ...

    Authors: LS Nascimento, AC Santos, JMS Lucena, LGO Silva, AEM Almeida and MS Brasileiro-Santos
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:250
  29. Evidence is lacking concerning the effect of additional trunk rehabilitation on gait performance. Investigating gait performance by both clinical and biomechanical outcome measures might lead to new scientific...

    Authors: Tamaya Van Criekinge, Wim Saeys, Ann Hallemans, Luc Vereeck, Willem De Hertogh, Patricia Van de Walle, Nathalie Vaes, Christophe Lafosse and Steven Truijen
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:249
  30. Authors: T. Bluth, R. Teichmann, T. Kiss, I. Bobek, J. Canet, G. Cinnella, L. De Baerdemaeker, C. Gregoretti, G. Hedenstierna, S. N. Hemmes, M. Hiesmayr, M. W. Hollmann, S. Jaber, J. G. Laffey, M. J. Licker, K. Markstaller…
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:247

    The original article was published in Trials 2017 18:202

  31. Patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (sAVR) have high rates of 30-day readmissions. They also report a low health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and elevated anxiety and depression. The aim o...

    Authors: Irene Lie, Stein Ove Danielsen, Theis Tønnessen, Svein Solheim, Marit Leegaard, Leiv Sandvik, Torbjørn Wisløff, Jonny Vangen, Tor Henning Røsstad and Philip Moons
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:246
  32. The existing evidence base in pulmonary embolism (PE) is primarily focused on diagnostic methods, medical treatment, and prognosis. Only a few studies have investigated how everyday life is affected by PE, alt...

    Authors: Nanna Rolving, Barbara C. Brocki, Hanne R. Mikkelsen, Pernille Ravn, Jannie Rhod Bloch-Nielsen and Lars Frost
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:245
  33. Previous research has provided evidence for the link between psychological processes and psychophysiological health outcomes. Psychological interventions, such as face-to-face or online cognitive behavioral th...

    Authors: Lemmy Schakel, Dieuwke S. Veldhuijzen, Henriët van Middendorp, Corine Prins, Simone A. Joosten, Tom H. M. Ottenhoff, Leo G. Visser and Andrea W. M. Evers
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:243
  34. Haemorrhage is a leading cause of death in severe trauma. Fibrinogen plays a critical role in maintaining haemostasis in traumatic haemorrhage. Early fibrinogen replacement is recommended by several internatio...

    Authors: James Winearls, Martin Wullschleger, Elizabeth Wake, Catherine Hurn, Jeremy Furyk, Glenn Ryan, Melita Trout, James Walsham, Anthony Holley, Jeremy Cohen, Megan Shuttleworth, Wayne Dyer, Gerben Keijzers, John F Fraser, Jeffrey Presneill and Don Campbell
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:241
  35. Placenta accreta (PA), a severe complication during delivery, is closely linked with massive hemorrhage which could endanger the lives of both mother and baby. Moreover, the incidence of PA has increased drama...

    Authors: Qinjun Chu, Dan Shen, Long He, Hongwei Wang, Xianlan Zhao, Zhimin Chen, Yanli Wang and Wei Zhang
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:240
  36. Diabetes shared medical appointments (SMAs) and reciprocal peer support programs have been found in efficacy trials to help adults with diabetes improve their self-management and achieve short-term gains in cl...

    Authors: Michele Heisler, Jennifer Burgess, Jeffrey Cass, John F. Chardos, Alexander B. Guirguis, Sean M. Jeffery, Lorrie A. Strohecker, Adam S. Tremblay, Wen-Chih Wu and Donna M. Zulman
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:239
  37. Systematic reviews suggest that multi-component interventions are effective in reducing bullying victimisation and perpetration. We are undertaking a phase III randomised trial of the INCLUSIVE multi-component...

    Authors: Chris Bonell, Anne Mathiot, Elizabeth Allen, Leonardo Bevilacqua, Deborah Christie, Diana Elbourne, Adam Fletcher, Richard Grieve, Rosa Legood, Stephen Scott, Emily Warren, Meg Wiggins and Russell M. Viner
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:238
  38. Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and its control rate has remained low worldwide. Studies have found that telemonitoring blood pressure (BP) helped control hypertension in random...

    Authors: Lei Xu, Wei-Yi Fang, Fu Zhu, Hong-Guang Zhang and Kai Liu
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:236
  39. Mobility scooters can facilitate community participation among individuals with mobility limitations. However, accidents are a serious concern with scooter use. Scooter training has been recommended to improve...

    Authors: W. Ben Mortenson, Sharon Jang, Charlie H. Goldsmith, Laura Hurd Clarke, Sandra Hobson and Richelle Emery
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:235
  40. Placebo medications, by definition, are composed of inactive ingredients that have no physiological effect on symptoms. Nonetheless, administration of placebo in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and in clin...

    Authors: Sarah Ballou, Ted J. Kaptchuk, William Hirsch, Judy Nee, Johanna Iturrino, Kathryn T. Hall, John M. Kelley, Vivian Cheng, Irving Kirsch, Eric Jacobson, Lisa Conboy, Anthony Lembo and Roger B. Davis
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:234
  41. According to the projections of the World Health Organization, 15% of all disabilities will be associated with mental illnesses by 2020. One of the mental disorders with the largest social impacts due to high ...

    Authors: Álvaro I. Langer, Carlos Schmidt, Rocío Mayol, Marcela Díaz, Javiera Lecaros, Edwin Krogh, Aída Pardow, Carolina Vergara, Guillermo Vergara, Bernardita Pérez-Herrera, María José Villar, Alejandro Maturana and Pablo A. Gaspar
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:233
  42. The Atopic Dermatitis Anti-IgE Paediatric Trial (ADAPT) is a trial to determine the clinical efficacy and safety of omalizumab for children with severe atopic eczema. This article describes the detailed statis...

    Authors: Tao Chen, Susan Chan, Gideon Lack, Suzie Cro and Victoria R. Cornelius
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:231
  43. Pruritus (itch) is a frequent, burdensome and difficult-to-treat symptom in patients with cholestasis. Fibrates are currently under investigation for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis in patients wi...

    Authors: Ruth Bolier, Elsemieke S. de Vries, Albert Parés, Jeltje Helder, E. Marleen Kemper, Koos Zwinderman, Ronald P. Oude Elferink and Ulrich Beuers
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:230

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