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  1. Meta-analyses of studies on psychological treatment of refugees describe highly varying outcomes, and research on multi-facetted and personalized treatment of refugees with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD...

    Authors: Bolette Daniels Beck, Steen Teis Lund, Ulf Søgaard, Erik Simonsen, Thomas Christian Tellier, Torben Oluf Cordtz, Gunnar Hellmund Laier and Torben Moe
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:301
  2. Randomised controlled clinical trials typically have a relatively brief in-trial follow-up period which can underestimate safety signals and fail to detect long-term hazards, which may take years to appear. Ex...

    Authors: Rebecca Llewellyn-Bennett, Danielle Edwards, Nia Roberts, Atticus H. Hainsworth, Richard Bulbulia and Louise Bowman
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:298
  3. Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. To treat this infection, the current standard of care includes intravenous anti-staphylococcal beta-lactam antibiotics and ...

    Authors: Matthew P. Cheng, Alexander Lawandi, Guillaume Butler-Laporte, Katryn Paquette and Todd C. Lee
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:297
  4. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has become a leading cause of death among young people worldwide. Survivors may live with a long-term TBI-related disability or even develop a disorder of consciousness resulting i...

    Authors: Jie Liu, Xinsheng Xue, Ying Wu, Chaohua Yang, Ning Li and Huiping Li
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:296
  5. The current randomized controlled trial seeks to evaluate whether providing access to an Internet intervention for problem drinking in addition to an Internet intervention for problem gambling is beneficial fo...

    Authors: John A. Cunningham, David C. Hodgins, Matthew Keough, Christian S. Hendershot, Kylie Bennett, Anthony Bennett and Alexandra Godinho
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:295
  6. Existing data on physical rehabilitation interventions in critical illness are challenged by outcome heterogeneity that limits data synthesis and translation of research findings into clinical practice. This p...

    Authors: Bronwen Connolly, Linda Denehy, Nicholas Hart, Natalie Pattison, Paula Williamson and Bronagh Blackwood
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:294
  7. Despite the combination of surgical resection, radio- and chemotherapy, median survival of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients only slightly increased in the last years. Disease recurrence is definite with ...

    Authors: Marion Rapp, Oliver M. Grauer, Marcel Kamp, Natalie Sevens, Nikola Zotz, Michael Sabel and Rüdiger V. Sorg
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:293
  8. The cross-sectional area of the subclavian vein (csSCV) is an important factor determining the success rate of SCV catheterization. The head-down position increases the csSCV. However, the effects of lateral t...

    Authors: Dhong Eun Jung, Hyung-Chul Lee, Hyun-Kyu Yoon and Hee-Pyoung Park
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:292
  9. The teacher’s role in school mental health initiatives cannot be overemphasized. Despite global evidence of educational interventions in improving teachers’ knowledge and attitudes regarding mental health, thi...

    Authors: Nazish Imran, Atif Rahman, Nakhshab Chaudhry and Aftab Asif
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:290
  10. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy is a commonly overlooked complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) characterized by an imbalance between sympathetic and parasympathetic supply to the heart, which contribute...

    Authors: Shalini Verma, Jamal Ali Moiz, Shahnawaz Anwer, Ahmad H. Alghadir and Mohammed Ejaz Hussain
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:289
  11. The prevention of postoperative complications is of prime importance after complex elective abdominal operations. Preoperative patient education may prevent postoperative complications and improve patients’ we...

    Authors: Ulla Klaiber, Lisa M. Stephan-Paulsen, Thomas Bruckner, Gisela Müller, Silke Auer, Ingrid Farrenkopf, Christine Fink, Colette Dörr-Harim, Markus K. Diener, Markus W. Büchler and Phillip Knebel
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:288
  12. For community interventions to be effective in real-world conditions, participants need to have sufficient exposure to the intervention. It is unclear how the dose and intensity of the intervention differ amon...

    Authors: Angela Cristina Bizzotto Trude, Anna Yevgenyevna Kharmats, Jessica C. Jones-Smith and Joel Gittelsohn
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:287
  13. Urinary stone disease is very common with an estimated prevalence among the general population of 2–3%. Ureteric stones are associated with severe pain as they pass through the urinary tract and have significa...

    Authors: Samuel McClinton, Sarah Cameron, Kathryn Starr, Ruth Thomas, Graeme MacLennan, Alison McDonald, Thomas Lam, James N’Dow, Mary Kilonzo, Robert Pickard, Ken Anson, Frank Keeley, Neil Burgess, Charles Terry Clark, Sara MacLennan and John Norrie
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:286
  14. Due to limited resources, waiting periods for psychotherapy are often long and burdening for those in need of treatment and the health care system. In order to bridge the gap between initial contact and the be...

    Authors: Sasha-Denise Grünzig, Harald Baumeister, Jürgen Bengel, David Ebert and Lena Krämer
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:285

    The Correction to this article has been published in Trials 2018 19:393

  15. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are syndemic and will have a significant impact on affected individuals and healthcare services worldwide. Evidence shows that T2DM remission can be achieved with si...

    Authors: Shahrad Taheri, Odette Chagoury, Hadeel Zaghloul, Sara Elhadad, Salma Hayder Ahmed, Omar Omar, Sherryl Payra, Salma Ahmed, Neda El Khatib, Rasha Abou Amona, Katie El Nahas, Matthew Bolton, Henem Chaar, Noor Suleiman, Amin Jayyousi, Mahmoud Zirie…
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:284
  16. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are challenging to conduct in a paediatric critical-care environment. Background work, including surveys and observational studies, is often used to determine disease estima...

    Authors: Anna Liu and Kusum Menon
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:283
  17. Process evaluations are critical for interpreting and understanding outcome trial results. By understanding how interventions function across different settings, process evaluations have the capacity to inform...

    Authors: Stephanie T. Jong, Helen Elizabeth Brown, Caroline H. D. Croxson, Paul Wilkinson, Kirsten L. Corder and Esther M. F. van Sluijs
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:282
  18. Sharing interim results by the Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) with non-DSMB members is an issue that can affect trial integrity. It is unclear what should be shared. This study assesses the views of profe...

    Authors: Victoria Borg Debono, Lawrence Mbuagbaw, James Paul, Norman Buckley and Lehana Thabane
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:281
  19. Over the last decade, a wide range of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment approaches for adults, including both pharmacological interventions and psychosocial treatments, have been propos...

    Authors: Toivo Zinnow, Tobias Banaschewski, Andreas J. Fallgatter, Carolin Jenkner, Florence Philipp-Wiegmann, Alexandra Philipsen, Wolfgang Retz, Esther Sobanski, Johannes Thome and Michael Rösler
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:280
  20. Previous studies have shown that electroacupuncture (EA) reduces the severity of acute pancreatitis. However, the effect of EA for pain relief in patients with acute pancreatitis has not been evaluated yet. Th...

    Authors: Dong Kee Jang, Chan Yung Jung, Kyung Ho Kim and Jun Kyu Lee
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:279
  21. Mindfulness has been applied in the United States and Europe to improve physical and psychological health; however, little is known about its feasibility and efficacy in a Brazilian population. Mindfulness may...

    Authors: Vera Salvo, Jean Kristeller, Jesus Montero Marin, Adriana Sanudo, Bárbara Hatzlhoffer Lourenço, Mariana Cabral Schveitzer, Vania D’Almeida, Héctor Morillo, Suely Godoy Agostinho Gimeno, Javier Garcia-Campayo and Marcelo Demarzo
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:277
  22. Physical activity is associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline in older adults. However, past studies have demonstrated that older adults tend to relapse into inactivity after completing interventions....

    Authors: Songee Jung, Sungchul Lee, Seongryu Bae, Sangyoon Lee, Keitaro Makino, Yohei Shinkai and Hiroyuki Shimada
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:276
  23. Trials in rare diseases have many challenges, among which are the need to set up multiple sites in different countries to achieve recruitment targets and the divergent landscape of clinical trial regulations i...

    Authors: Rebecca A. Crow, Kimberly A. Hart, Michael P. McDermott, Rabi Tawil, William B. Martens, Barbara E. Herr, Elaine McColl, Jennifer Wilkinson, Janbernd Kirschner, Wendy M. King, Michele Eagle, Mary W. Brown, Deborah Hirtz, Hanns Lochmuller, Volker Straub, Emma Ciafaloni…
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:291
  24. Post-stroke depression (PSD) is the most common psychiatric complication after a stroke. The most frequently used antidepressants are selective serotonin receptor inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and norepinep...

    Authors: Ai-mei Zhao, Wen-ran Qiu, Li-jun Mao, Jun-guo Ren, Li Xu, Ming-jiang Yao, Kellie Bilinksi, Dennis Chang and Jian-xun Liu
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:275
  25. Enhanced mobility in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) could minimize the negative effects of critical illness, such as declines in cognitive, muscular, respiratory, and functional capacity. We aim to compare the ...

    Authors: Debora Stripari Schujmann, Adriana Claudia Lunardi and Carolina Fu
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:274
  26. Postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing surgery is high, especially in patients who are at risk of complications and undergoing major surgery. We hypothesize that perioperative, algorithm-...

    Authors: Sandra Funcke, Bernd Saugel, Christian Koch, Dagmar Schulte, Thomas Zajonz, Michael Sander, Angelo Gratarola, Lorenzo Ball, Paolo Pelosi, Savino Spadaro, Riccardo Ragazzi, Carlo Alberto Volta, Thomas Mencke, Amelie Zitzmann, Benedikt Neukirch, Gonzalo Azparren…
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:273
  27. Evidence for benefit of high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is largely lacking for invasively ventilated, critically ill patients with uninjured lungs. We hypothesize that ventilation with low PEEP is...

    Authors: Anna Geke Algera, Luigi Pisani, Dennis C. J. Bergmans, Sylvia den Boer, Corianne A. J. de Borgie, Frank H. Bosch, Karina Bruin, Thomas G. Cherpanath, Rogier M. Determann, Arjen M. Dondorp, Dave A. Dongelmans, Henrik Endeman, Jasper J. Haringman, Janneke Horn, Nicole P. Juffermans, David M. van Meenen…
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:272
  28. Dementia has a huge physical, psychological, social and economic impact upon caregivers, families and societies at large. There has been a growing impetus to utilize Internet interventions given the potential ...

    Authors: Kala M. Mehta, Dolores Gallagher-Thompson, Mathew Varghese, Santosh Loganathan, Upasana Baruah, Katrin Seeher, Diana Zandi, Tarun Dua and Anne Margriet Pot
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:271
  29. Secondary school teachers have low levels of wellbeing and high levels of depression compared with the general population. Teachers are in a key position to support students, but poor mental health may be a ba...

    Authors: Rhiannon Evans, Rowan Brockman, Jillian Grey, Sarah Bell, Sarah Harding, David Gunnell, Rona Campbell, Simon Murphy, Tamsin Ford, William Hollingworth, Kate Tilling, Richard Morris, Bryar Kadir, Ricardo Araya and Judi Kidger
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:270
  30. Recurrent patellar instability incidence is 5.8/100,000 population, and recurrent dislocations are reported in the range of 15–80%. Recurrent instability is multifactorial and can be associated with disorder o...

    Authors: Adam Tucker, Sam McMahon, Bronwyn McArdle, Bridgeen Rutherford and Danny Acton
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:268
  31. Randomized clinical trials that have public health implications but no or low potential for commercial gain are predominantly funded by governmental (e.g., National Institutes of Health (NIH)) and not-for-prof...

    Authors: Olivia Lovegreen, Danielle Riggs, Myrlene A. Staten, Patricia Sheehan and Anastassios G. Pittas
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:267
  32. Exercise reduces the amount of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. The underlying mechanisms responsible for these exercise-induced adaptations are unclear, but they may inv...

    Authors: Regitse Højgaard Christensen, Anne-Sophie Wedell-Neergaard, Louise Lang Lehrskov, Grit Elster Legård, Emma Berndt Dorph, Stine Nymand, Maria Korf Ball, Morten Zacho, Robin Christensen, Helga Ellingsgaard, Jaya Birgitte Rosenmeier, Rikke Krogh-Madsen, Bente Klarlund Pedersen and Kristian Karstoft
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:266
  33. Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) is one of the most frequent complications in patients with cancer who have central venous catheters (CVCs) implanted and is associated with substantial morbidity ...

    Authors: C. Gudiol, S. Nicolae, C. Royo-Cebrecos, M. Aguilar-Guisado, I. Montero, C. Martín-Gandul, M. Perayre, D. Berbel, M. Encuentra, M. Arnan, J. M. Cisneros-Herreros and J. Carratalà
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:264
  34. Acute appendicitis is one of the most common indications for emergency surgery. In patients with a complex appendicitis, prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended after appendectomy. There is no consensu...

    Authors: Anne Loes van den Boom, Elisabeth M. L. de Wijkerslooth, Joost van Rosmalen, Frédérique H. Beverdam, Evert-Jan G. Boerma, Marja A. Boermeester, Joanna W. A. M. Bosmans, Thijs A. Burghgraef, Esther C. J. Consten, Imro Dawson, Jan Willem T. Dekker, Marloes Emous, Anna A. W. van Geloven, Peter M. N. Y. H. Go, Luc A. Heijnen, Sander A. Huisman…
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:263
  35. Smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment and intervention (EMA/I) show promise for enhancing psychological treatments for psychosis. EMA has the potential to improve assessment and formulation of exper...

    Authors: Imogen H. Bell, Sarah F. Fielding-Smith, Mark Hayward, Susan L. Rossell, Michelle H. Lim, John Farhall and Neil Thomas
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:262
  36. Radical cystectomy for bladder cancer is associated with a high risk of needing red blood cell transfusion. Tranexamic acid reduces blood loss during cardiac and orthopedic surgery, but no study has yet evalua...

    Authors: Rodney H. Breau, Luke T. Lavallée, Sonya Cnossen, Kelsey Witiuk, Ilias Cagiannos, Franco Momoli, Gregory Bryson, Salmaan Kanji, Christopher Morash, Alexis Turgeon, Ryan Zarychanski, Ranjeeta Mallick, Greg Knoll and Dean A. Fergusson
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:261
  37. Acute pain is a common condition among prehospital patients and prompt management is pivotal. Opioids are the most frequently analgesics used in the prehospital setting. However, opioids are highly addictive, ...

    Authors: Clément Le Cornec, Said Lariby, Vivien Brenckmann, Jean Benoit Hardouin, Claude Ecoffey, Marion Le Pottier, Philippe Fradin, Hélène Broch, Amine Kabbaj, Yannick Auffret, Florence Deciron, Céline Longo, François Javaudin, Quentin Le Bastard, Joël Jenvrin and Emmanuel Montassier
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:260
  38. The Prophylactic hypOthermia to Lessen trAumatic bRain injury-Randomised Controlled Trial (POLAR-RCT) will evaluate whether early and sustained prophylactic hypothermia delivered to patients with severe trauma...

    Authors: Jeffrey Presneill, Dashiell Gantner, Alistair Nichol, Colin McArthur, Andrew Forbes, Jessica Kasza, Tony Trapani, Lynnette Murray, Stephen Bernard, Peter Cameron, Gilles Capellier, Olivier Huet, Lynette Newby, Stephen Rashford, Jeffrey V. Rosenfeld, Tony Smith…
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:259
  39. Young adults with mobility disability (MD) are less likely to engage in regular physical activity (PA) compared with their able-bodied peers and inactive adults with a MD are more likely to report one or more ...

    Authors: Daniel Berglind, Gisela Nyberg, Mikaela Willmer, Margareta Persson, Michael Wells and Yvonne Forsell
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:258
  40. The majority of the older Singaporean women aged 50 years and above are physically inactive and have unhealthy dietary habits, placing them at ‘high risk’ of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The adoption of r...

    Authors: Elaine Yee-Sing Wong, Andy H. Lee, Anthony P. James and Jonine Jancey
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:257
  41. Constipation is a frequent problem in adults with Prader–Willi syndrome. Certain probiotics have been shown to improve transit and gastrointestinal symptoms of adults with functional constipation. The aim of t...

    Authors: Zainab Alyousif, Jennifer L. Miller, Mariana Y. Sandoval, Chad W. MacPherson, Varuni Nagulesapillai and Wendy J. Dahl
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:256
  42. Rates of alcohol and illicit drug use (AIDU) are consistently similar across racial groups (Windsor and Negi, J Addict Dis 28:258–68, 2009; Keyes et al. Soc Sci Med 124:132–41, 2015). Yet AIDU has significantl...

    Authors: Liliane Cambraia Windsor, Ellen Benoit, Douglas Smith, Rogério M. Pinto and Kari C. Kugler
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:255
  43. Despite the high persistence rate of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) throughout the lifespan, there is a considerable gap in knowledge regarding effective treatment strategies for adolescents w...

    Authors: Julia Geissler, Thomas Jans, Tobias Banaschewski, Katja Becker, Tobias Renner, Daniel Brandeis, Manfred Döpfner, Christina Dose, Christopher Hautmann, Martin Holtmann, Carolin Jenkner, Sabina Millenet and Marcel Romanos
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:254
  44. Spinal disc herniation is a frequently occurring degenerative disease of the spine. Many patients undergoing surgery suffer from radicular pain, known as memory pain, beginning from the third post-operative da...

    Authors: Christa Raak, Wolfram Scharbrodt, Bettina Berger, Arndt Büssing, René Geißen and Thomas Ostermann
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:253
  45. Acute malnutrition is a continuum condition, but severe and moderate forms are treated separately, with different protocols and therapeutic products, managed by separate United Nations agencies. The Combined P...

    Authors: Jeanette Bailey, Natasha Lelijveld, Bethany Marron, Pamela Onyoo, Lara S. Ho, Mark Manary, André Briend, Charles Opondo and Marko Kerac
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:251
  46. Photobiomodulation describes the use of red or near-infrared light to stimulate or regenerate tissue. It was discovered that near-infrared wavelengths (800–900 nm) and red (600 nm) light-emitting diodes (LED) ...

    Authors: João Gustavo Rocha Peixoto dos Santos, Ana Luiza Costa Zaninotto, Renato Amaro Zângaro, Ana Maria Costa Carneiro, Iuri Santana Neville, Almir Ferreira de Andrade, Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira and Wellingson Silva Paiva
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:249
  47. The key aim of the study is to establish an agreed standardised core outcome set (COS) for use when evaluating non-pharmacological health and social care interventions for people living at home with dementia.

    Authors: Andrew J. E. Harding, Hazel Morbey, Faraz Ahmed, Carol Opdebeeck, Ying-Ying Wang, Paula Williamson, Caroline Swarbrick, Iracema Leroi, David Challis, Linda Davies, David Reeves, Fiona Holland, Mark Hann, Ingrid Hellström, Lars-Christer Hydén, Alistair Burns…
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:247

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