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  1. The prolonged air leak is probably the most common complication following lung resections. Around 10–20% of the patients who undergo a lung resection will eventually develop a prolonged air leak. The definitio...

    Authors: Ioannis Karampinis, Christian Ruckes, Fabian Doerr, Servet Bölükbas, Sara Ricciardi, Giuseppe Cardillo, Carlos Galvez, Bogdan Vidmar, Tomaz Stupnik, Vincent Fang, Rene Horsleben Petersen and Eric Dominic Roessner
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:20
  2. Intraoperative hypoxemia and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) often occur in patients with one-lung ventilation (OLV), due to both pulmonary shunt and atelectasis. It has been demonstrated that ind...

    Authors: Xu-Ming Liu, Xin-Lu Chang, Jing-Yi Sun, Wen-Wen Hao and Li-Xin An
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:19
  3. Beyond a certain threshold diameter, abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are to be treated by open surgical or endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). In a quarter of patients who undergo EVAR, inversion of b...

    Authors: Christoph Knappich, Felix Kirchhoff, Marie-Kristin Fritsche, Silvia Egert-Schwender, Heiko Wendorff, Michael Kallmayer, Bernhard Haller, Alexander Hyhlik-Duerr, Christian Reeps, Hans-Henning Eckstein and Matthias Trenner
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:17
  4. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), an incidence of 10–15% in women of reproductive age, shows sex hormone disorders, luteal insufficiency, and the tendency of placental villus space thrombus. The incidence of e...

    Authors: Ou Huang, Haixia Ding, Dandan Wu, Qing Zhang and Wen Li
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:16
  5. The problem of suicide has become increasingly common in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an effective treatment for MDD with 2 milliamperes (...

    Authors: Yiming Chen, Dongbin Lyu, Fan Wang, Qinte Huang, Weichieh Yang, Mengke Zhang, Zheyi Wei, Shuxiang Shi, Shuqi Kong, Shentse Chen, Shuang He, Vivien Yang, Yiru Fang, Abdel Douiri and Wu Hong
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:15
  6. Primary aldosteronism (P.A.) is the most common form of secondary hypertension, accounting for 5% of hypertensive patients and 17–23% of patients with resistant hypertension. Compared to primary hypertension, ...

    Authors: Minzhi He, Yuhao Zhang, Xiaoxiao Song, Tianyue Zhang, Hailan Yu, Yongli Ji, Siyuan Gong, Peifei Chai, Jinyi Chen, Siwei Wang, Bing Chen, Xiaohong Xu and Zhenjie Liu
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:14
  7. Refugee populations have an increased risk for mental disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorders. Comorbidity is common. At the same time, refugees face multiple barriers to acc...

    Authors: Johanna Boettcher, Manuel Heinrich, Maria Boettche, Sebastian Burchert, Heide Glaesmer, Euphrosyne Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, Carina Heeke, Martina Hernek, Christine Knaevelsrud, Alexander Konnopka, Louisa Muntendorf, Hannah Nilles, Laura Nohr, Steffi Pohl, Sophia Paskuy, Isabelle Reinhardt…
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:13
  8. Keloid is a skin disorder that results from excessive fibrous tissue growth in the area of the initial trauma. Treating keloids can be challenging since the success of various treatments varies from one study ...

    Authors: Yuni Eka Anggraini, Niken Trisnowati, Ronny Martien and Retno Danarti
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:12
  9. Establishment of effective evidence-based interventions in rehabilitation of working memory (WM) deficits after acquired brain injury (ABI) is sorely needed. Despite robust evidence for the efficiency of clini...

    Authors: Line Sophie Eide, Per-Ola Rike, Silje Endresen Reme, Hildegun Snekkevik, Stephan Rossner, Gunnar Rosen, Jonas Kristoffer Lindeløv and Marianne Løvstad
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:11
  10. Laparoscopic nephrectomy is a commonly utilized surgical approach for the management of renal cancer. Despite its widespread acceptance, postoperative pain management remains a significant challenge for many p...

    Authors: Ming Yang, Lei Cao, Tong Lu, Cheng Xiao, Zhuoxi Wu, Xuetao Jiang, Wei Wang and Hong Li
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:10
  11. Frailty is common in older age and is characterised by loss of biological reserves across multiple organ systems. These changes associated with frailty mean older people can be vulnerable to sudden, dramatic c...

    Authors: Anne Heaven, Peter Bower, Florence Day, Amanda Farrin, Catherine Fernadez, Marilyn Foster, Robbie Foy, Rebecca Hawkins, Claire Hulme, Sara Humphrey, Rebecca Lawton, Catriona Parker, Ellen Thompson, Robert West and Andrew Clegg
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:8
  12. Petersen’s hernia, which occurs after Billroth-II (B-II) or Roux-en-Y (REY) anastomosis, can be reduced by defect closure. This study aims to compare the incidence of bowel obstruction above Clavien–Dindo clas...

    Authors: Jae Kyun Park, Dae Hwan Kim, Tae-Yong Jeon, Sang-Ho Jeong, Tae Han Kim, Jae-Seok Min, Rock Bum Kim, Young Joon Lee, Ji Ho Park, Young Gil Son, Ki Young Yoon, Kyung Won Seo, Ki Hyun Kim, Yoonhong Kim, Hyun Dong Chae, Sun Hwi Hwang…
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:7
  13. The surgical techniques for treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH), a common neurosurgical condition, have been discussed in a lot of clinical literature. However, the recurrence proportion after CSDH s...

    Authors: Yoshitaka Nagashima, Yoshio Araki, Kazuki Nishida, Shunichiro Kuramitsu, Kenichi Wakabayashi, Shinji Shimato, Takeshi Kinkori, Toshihisa Nishizawa, Takahisa Kano, Toshinori Hasegawa, Atsushi Noda, Kenko Maeda, Yu Yamamoto, Osamu Suzuki, Naoki Koketsu, Takeshi Okada…
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:6
  14. Individuals’ comprehension of the information provided in consent forms should fundamentally influence whether to participate initially in a study and later whether to remain a participant. Existing evidence, ...

    Authors: Katarina Ulfsdotter Gunnarsson, Elizabeth S. Collier, Jim McCambridge and Marcus Bendtsen
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:5
  15. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) occurs in 30–50% of septic patients and contributes to high mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, there are few proven interventions for coagulation ...

    Authors: Yini Sun, Renyu Ding, Hao Sun, Yingjian Liang and Xiaochun Ma
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:4
  16. The new European Medicines Agency (EMA) Clinical Trials Information System (CTIS), based on the Clinical Trials Regulation (CTR EU 536/2014), came into full effect on 31 January 2022 and was intended to provid...

    Authors: Thale D. J. H. Patrick-Brown, Josephine Bourner, Sabrina Kali, Marius Trøseid, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Piero Olliaro and Inge Christoffer Olsen
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:3
  17. Dreaming sometimes occurs during sedation. It has been reported that factors such as different anesthetics, depth of anesthesia, age, sex, and preoperative psychological state may affect dreams. Ciprofol and r...

    Authors: Le-Qiang Xia, Rui Zhou, Rui Deng, Dan Zhou, Jia Han, Zhi-Fu Zhao, San-Jie Gao, Xian-Jie Zhang, Yu-Kai Zhou and Li-Ze Xiong
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:2
  18. The emergence of new problematic alcohol consumption practices among young people requires new dynamics in prevention strategies. In this context, the ADUC project (Alcohol and Drugs at the University of Caen)...

    Authors: Jessica Mange, Nicolas Mauny, Charlotte Montcharmont, Eve Legrand, Maud Lemercier-Dugarin, Arnaud Mortier, Martin Duvivier, Johnny Leveneur, Cédric Lacherez, Nicolas Cabé and Anne-Pascale Le Berre
    Citation: Trials 2024 25:1
  19. Since birth, during the exploration of the environment to interact with objects, we exploit both the motor and sensory components of the upper limb (UL). This ability to integrate sensory and motor information...

    Authors: Alex Martino Cinnera, Sonia Bonnì, Alessia D’Acunto, Michele Maiella, Matteo Ferraresi, Elias Paolo Casula, Valentina Pezzopane, Marco Tramontano, Marco Iosa, Stefano Paolucci, Giovanni Morone, Giuseppe Vannozzi and Giacomo Koch
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:823
  20. Postoperative delirium (POD) is a complication after surgery which leads to worse outcomes. The frequency of this syndrome is increasing as more elderly patients undergo major surgery. The frequency is around ...

    Authors: Yosuke Nakadate, Mariko Yamada, Natsuyo Kusuyama, Ryota Ishii, Hiroaki Sato, Thomas Schricker and Makoto Tanaka
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:822
  21. Significant lower genital tract (LGT) dysbiosis and an associated lower rate of clinical pregnancy after in vitro fertilization–frozen embryo transfer (IVF-FET) among polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients ...

    Authors: Huixi Chen, Yaoyao Tu, Chen Zhang, Jie Li, Ting Wu, Suying Liu, Liying He, Aijun Zhang, Yan Li, Lu Li, Yilun Sui, Li Wang, Xiaojun Chen, Ji Xi, Yanting Wu, Li Jin…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:821
  22. Few large randomized controlled trials provide strong evidence to guide surgical repair of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair. The purpose of this factorial, single-blind, randomized contro...

    Authors: Mélanie Hébert, Serge Bourgault, Mathieu Caissie, Éric Tourville and Ali Dirani
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:820
  23. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication after general anaesthesia and is associated with morbidity and prolonged length of stay. Growing evidence suggest that opioid-free general anae...

    Authors: Xiang Yan, Chen Liang, Jia Jiang, Ying Ji, Anshi Wu and Changwei Wei
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:819
  24. Anemia is a worldwide problem with iron deficiency being the most common cause. When anemia occurs in pregnancy, it increases the risk of adverse maternal, fetal, and postnatal outcomes. It induces preterm bir...

    Authors: Richard J. Derman, Roopa B. Bellad, Mrutyunjaya B. Bellad, Jesse Bradford-Rogers, Michael K. Georgieff, Zubair H. Aghai, Simal Thind, Michael Auerbach, Rupsa Boelig, Benjamin E. Leiby, Vanessa Short, S. Yogeshkumar, Umesh S. Charantimath, Manjunath S. Somannavar, Ashalata A. Mallapur, Ramesh Pol…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:818
  25. Uncertainty persists over the effects of blood pressure (BP) lowering in acute stroke. The INTEnsive ambulance-delivered blood pressure Reduction in hyper-Acute stroke Trial (INTERACT4) aims to determine effic...

    Authors: Chen Chen, Yapeng Lin, Feifeng Liu, Xiaoying Chen, Laurent Billot, Qiang Li, Yiija Guo, Hueiming Liu, Lei Si, Menglu Ouyang, Chunfang Zhang, Hisatomi Arima, Philip M. Bath, Gary A. Ford, Thompson Robinson, Else Charlotte Sandset…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:817
  26. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains a priority challenge among orthopedic trauma patients. It is crucial to further improve the prophylaxis against VTE in routine orthopedic treatment. This study aims to comp...

    Authors: Qin Tan, Lu Zhou, Yihan Lu and Weifeng Huang
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:816
  27. Conducting clinical research on treatments for emerging infectious diseases is often complicated by methodological challenges, such as the identification of appropriate outcome measures to assess treatment res...

    Authors: Josephine Bourner, Ravaka Randriamparany, Tsinjo Fehizoro Rasoanaivo, Emmanuelle Denis, Rindra Vatosoa Randremanana, Michel Vaillant, Alex Paddy Salam, Bronner P. Gonçalves and Piero Olliaro
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:815
  28. Violence against health care workers (HCWs) is a multifaceted issue entwined with broader social, cultural, and economic contexts. While it is a global phenomenon, in crisis settings, HCWs are exposed to excep...

    Authors: Giovanfrancesco Ferrari, Samuel Makali Lwamushi, Ghislain Bisimwa Balaluka, Riyadh K. Lafta, Christian Schindler, Daniella Bugugu, Emmanuel Lurhangire, Fabrizio Tediosi, Jessica Ramirez Mendoza and Sonja Merten
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:814
  29. Authors: Eva Tolmeijer, Felicity Waite, Louise Isham, Laura Bringmann, Robin Timmers, Arjan van den Berg, Hanneke Schuurmans, Anton B. P. Staring, Paul de Bont, Rob van Grunsven, Gert Stulp, Ben Wijnen, Mark van der Gaag, Daniel Freeman and David van den Berg
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:813

    The original article was published in Trials 2023 24:644

  30. Participants with prediabetes are at a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recent studies have suggested that blocking the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) may improve glucose ...

    Authors: Yilin Wang, Yu Jiang, Jia Li, Xisheng Lin, Yan Luo, Shuhuai Tan, Haohan Yang, Zefu Gao, Xiang Cui, Pengbin Yin, Dan Kong, Yuan Gao, Yu Cheng, Licheng Zhang, Peifu Tang and Houchen Lyu
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:812
  31. Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a common clinical type of liver failure, and patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure are prone to fungal infections, especially the increasing incidence of invasiv...

    Authors: Xue Yu, Lejia Xu, Jiaxing Zheng, Ziying Lei, Yihua Pang, Xiaojie Li, Jianyun Zhu and Jing Liu
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:811
  32. The results of germline genetic testing for hereditary cancer are of importance not only to the patients under investigation but also to their genetic at-risk relatives. Standard care is to encourage the prob...

    Authors: Carolina Hawranek, Hans Ehrencrona, Anna Öfverholm, Barbro Numan Hellquist and Anna Rosén
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:810
  33. Prostate cancer remains the most prevalent malignancy and the second-leading cause of cancer-related death in men in the USA. Radiation therapy, typically with androgen suppression, remains a mainstay in the t...

    Authors: Emerson Lee, Jonathan Coulter, Alok Mishra, Fernanda Caramella-Pereira, Angelo Demarzo, Michelle Rudek, Chen Hu, Misop Han, Theodore L. DeWeese, Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian and Daniel Y. Song
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:809
  34. Inflammation in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is an important contributor to both acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). M...

    Authors: Jasmine Melissa Madsen, Laust Emil Roelsgaard Obling, Laura Rytoft, Fredrik Folke, Christian Hassager, Lars Bredevang Andersen, Niels Vejlstrup, Lia Evi Bang, Thomas Engstrøm and Jacob Thomsen Lønborg
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:808
  35. Full pulpotomy has been proposed as an alternative to root canal treatment in teeth with signs and symptoms indicative of irreversible pulpitis (IRP), but the evidence is limited, relying on underpowered studi...

    Authors: I. A. El Karim, H. F. Duncan, A. F. Fouad, N. A. Taha, V. Yu, S. Saber, V. Ballal, P. Chompu-inwai, H. M. A. Ahmed, B. P. F. A. Gomes, S. Abushouk, S. Cushley, C. O’Neill and M. Clarke
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:807
  36. Studies have shown that the wet suction technique in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) generates better histological diagnostic accuracy and specimen quality than the dry suction te...

    Authors: Shenglin Xu, Junfen Wang, Jianian Guo, Fang Xie, Weiguang Qiao, Yiteng Meng, Peng Peng, Haiyan Hu, Ying Huang, Side Liu, Mengbin Qin, Jun Yao and Yue Li
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:805
  37. Sexual violence (SV) is a significant, global public health problem, particularly among young adults. Promising interventions exist, including prosocial bystander intervention programs that train bystanders to...

    Authors: Laura F. Salazar, Dominic J. Parrott, David DiLillo, Sarah Gervais, Anne Marie Schipani-McLaughlin, Ruschelle Leone, Kevin Swartout, Lauren Simpson, Renita Moore, Tiffany Wilson, Nyla Flowers, Haley Church and Amanda Baildon
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:804
  38. The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) continues to rise and 70% of diabetic individuals have dry eye disease (DED) that leads to subsequent abnormalities of the corneal epithelium, corneal nerves, te...

    Authors: Jiayan Chen, Yimeng Chen, Guanghao Qin, Liangzhe Li, Mingze Li, Yuan Cheng, Shuting Zhuang, Zhihui Li, Qing Zhang, Yi Wu, Lanting Yang, Salissou Moutari, Jonathan E. Moore, Ling Xu, Wei He, Sile Yu…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:803
  39. There is a lack of evidence on the effectiveness of livelihood interventions amongst people with disabilities. In many countries, self-employment or microentrepreneurship is a dominant source of livelihoods fo...

    Authors: Lena Morgon Banks, Stella Kepha, Anja Zinke-Allmang, Paul M. Gichuki, Nathaniel Scherer, Charles Mwandawiro, Mark Carew, Doris Njomo, Shanquan Chen, Collins Okoyo, Calum Davey, Tom Shakespeare, Maria Antonella Pereira, Divya Goyal and Hannah Kuper
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:802
  40. Clinical research nurses (CRNs) have first-hand experience with ethical challenges and play a crucial role in upholding ethical conduct and adherence to the principles of informed consent in clinical research....

    Authors: Tove Godskesen, Joar Björk and Niklas Juth
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:801
  41. Physical restraints remain to be commonly used in agitated intensive care unit (ICU) patients worldwide, despite a lack of evidence on efficacy and safety and reports of detrimental short and long-term consequ...

    Authors: Rens W. J. Kooken, Bram Tilburgs, Rob ter Heine, Bart Ramakers and Mark van den Boogaard
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:800
  42. Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is a critical supportive therapy in cardiovascular surgery (CVS). Donor selection and testing have reduced the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections; however, risks remain...

    Authors: Edward L. Snyder, Michael E. Sekela, Ian J. Welsby, Yoshiya Toyoda, Mohamed Alsammak, Neel R. Sodha, Thomas M. Beaver, J. Peter R. Pelletier, James D. Gorham, John S. McNeil, Roman M. Sniecinski, Ronald G. Pearl, Gregory A. Nuttall, Ravi Sarode, T. Brett Reece, Alesia Kaplan…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:799
  43. Following SARS-CoV-2 infection, a relevant proportion of patients suffer from persistent or recurring sequela, even after initially mild primary illness. Many patients experience exhaustion and fatigue, rende...

    Authors: Adrian Krotz, Nadia Sosnowsky-Waschek, Stephanie Bechtel, Christine Neumann, Monika Lohkamp, Gabor Kovacs, Bernd Genser and Joachim E. Fischer
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:798
  44. The use of remote consultation modalities has exponentially grown in the past few years, particularly since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although a huge body of the literature has described the use of p...

    Authors: Alejandro Rodríguez-Molinero, Gerard Carot-Sans, Roser Escrig, Cristian Tebé, Jacobo Arce, Carlos Pérez-López, Silvia Ballesta, Guillermo Verdejo, Ángel Cedeño, Mar Riera-Pagespetit, Sofia Vivas-Angeles, Jose L. Alarcon, Itziar Navarro, Silvia Toro, Llorenç Mateo, Ana J. Torres…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:797
  45. The REVISE (Re-Evaluating the Inhibition of Stress Erosions in the ICU) trial will evaluate the impact of the proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole compared to placebo in invasively ventilated critically ill patient...

    Authors: Diane Heels-Ansdell, Laurent Billot, Lehana Thabane, Waleed Alhazzani, Adam Deane, Gordon Guyatt, Simon Finfer, François Lauzier, John Myburgh, Paul Young, Yaseen Arabi, John Marshall, Shane English, John Muscedere, Marlies Ostermann, Bala Venkatesh…
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:796
  46. The Staphylococcus aureus Network Adaptive Platform (SNAP) trial is a multifactorial Bayesian adaptive platform trial that aims to improve the way that S. aureus bloodstream infection, a globally common and sever...

    Authors: Robert K. Mahar, Anna McGlothlin, Michael Dymock, Todd C. Lee, Roger J. Lewis, Thomas Lumley, Jocelyn Mora, David J. Price, Benjamin R. Saville, Tom Snelling, Rebecca Turner, Steven A. Webb, Joshua S. Davis, Steven Y. C. Tong and Julie A. Marsh
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:795
  47. Although placebo-controlled trials are considered the gold standard for evaluating the efficacy of healthcare interventions, they can be perceived to be controversial and challenging to conduct for surgical tr...

    Authors: Emma Kwan-Yee Ho, Ralph Jasper Mobbs, James Montague van Gelder, Ian Andrew Harris, Gavin Davis, Ralph Stanford, David John Beard, Christopher Gerard Maher, Joanna Prior, Michael Knox, David Barrett Anderson, Rachelle Buchbinder and Manuela Loureiro Ferreira
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:794
  48. The Live Well with Parkinson’s Self-Management Toolkit is designed for use in the NHS to support people with Parkinson’s, their carers and health professionals in managing motor and non-motor symptoms and prom...

    Authors: Kate Walters, Megan Armstrong, Benjamin Gardner, Gareth Ambler, Rachael Hunter, Bev Maydon, Nathan Davies, Catherine Atkinson, Richard Brown, Tasmin Rookes, Daniel Davis and Anette Schrag
    Citation: Trials 2023 24:793

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