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  1. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a medically unexplained syndrome for which no somatic or pharmacological treatment has been proven effective. Dysfunction of the cytokine network has been suspected to play a ...

    Authors: Megan E. Roerink, Hans Knoop, Sebastian J. H. Bredie, Michael Heijnen, Leo A. B. Joosten, Mihai G. Netea, Charles A. Dinarello and Jos W. M. van der Meer
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:439
  2. Schizophrenia leads to profound disability in everyday functioning (e.g., difficulty finding and maintaining employment, housing, and personal relationships). Medications can effectively reduce positive sympto...

    Authors: Eric Granholm, Jason L. Holden, David Sommerfeld, Christine Rufener, Dimitri Perivoliotis, Kim Mueser and Gregory A. Aarons
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:438
  3. Angulated fractures of the distal forearm are very frequent lesions in childhood. Currently, there are no standard guidelines on whether these children should be treated conservatively with a cast; with reduct...

    Authors: Miriam Adrian, Daniel Wachtlin, Kai Kronfeld, Dirk Sommerfeldt and Lucas M. Wessel
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:437
  4. The German welfare system follows the principle “rehabilitation rather than pension,” but more than the half of all disability pensioners did not utilize medical rehabilitation before their early retirement. A...

    Authors: Katja Spanier, Marco Streibelt, Firat Ünalan and Matthias Bethge
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:436
  5. Stroke patients may present severe cognitive impairments, primarily related to executive functions. Transcranial direct current stimulation has shown promising results, with neuromodulatory and neuroplastic ef...

    Authors: Suellen Marinho Andrade, Bernardino Fernández-Calvo, Paulo Sérgio Boggio, Eliane Araújo de Oliveira, Lilze Franklim Gomes, José Eudes Gomes Pinheiro Júnior, Rafaela Martins Rodrigues, Natália Leandro de Almeida, Gioconda Marla de Siqueira Moreira and Nelson Torro Alves
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:435
  6. Interface pressure is a key risk factor in the development of pressure ulcers. Visual feedback of continuous interface pressure between the body and support surface could inform clinicians on repositioning str...

    Authors: Holly Wong, Jaime Kaufman, Barry Baylis, John M. Conly, David B. Hogan, Henry T. Stelfox, Danielle A. Southern, William A. Ghali and Chester H. Ho
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:434
  7. Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) predisposes individuals to disease, delays recovery from illness and reduces quality of life. Care home residents in the United Kingdom are especially vulnerable, with an esti...

    Authors: Ruth Stow, Natalie Ives, Christina Smith, Caroline Rick and Alison Rushton
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:433
  8. Interventions promoting optimal infant and young child nutrition could prevent a fifth of under-5 deaths in countries with high mortality. Poor infant and young child feeding practices are widely documented in...

    Authors: Elizabeth W. Kimani-Murage, Judith Kimiywe, Mark Kabue, Frederick Wekesah, Evelyn Matiri, Nelson Muhia, Milka Wanjohi, Peterrock Muriuki, Betty Samburu, James N. Kanyuira, Sera L. Young, Paula L. Griffiths, Nyovani J. Madise and Stephen T. McGarvey
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:431
  9. Despite the promising benefits of adaptive designs (ADs), their routine use, especially in confirmatory trials, is lagging behind the prominence given to them in the statistical literature. Much of the previou...

    Authors: Munyaradzi Dimairo, Jonathan Boote, Steven A. Julious, Jonathan P. Nicholl and Susan Todd
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:430
  10. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common infection in intubated critically ill patients. Microaspiration of the contaminated gastric and oropharyngeal secretions is the main mechanism involved ...

    Authors: Emmanuelle Jaillette, Guillaume Brunin, Christophe Girault, Farid Zerimech, Arnaud Chiche, Céline Broucqsault-Dedrie, Cyril Fayolle, Franck Minacori, Isabelle Alves, Stephanie Barrailler, Laurent Robriquet, Fabienne Tamion, Emmanuel Delaporte, Damien Thellier, Claire Delcourte, Alain Duhamel…
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:429
  11. To test seven different strategies for recruitment in a randomized controlled trial, to report documented response data from each strategy, and to discuss recruitment challenges.

    Authors: Karin Sygna, Safora Johansen and Cornelia M. Ruland
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:428

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Trials 2016 17:133

  12. Premature birth is considered one of the main problems in modern Obstetrics. It causes more than 50 % of neonatal mortality; it is responsible for a large proportion of infant morbidity and incurs very high ec...

    Authors: Lourdes Cabrera-García, Sara Cruz-Melguizo, Belén Ruiz-Antorán, Ferrán Torres, Ana Velasco, Cristina Martínez-Payo and Cristina Avendaño-Solá
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:427
  13. The application of 38 % silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has been shown to be effective in arresting early childhood caries (ECC). Since SDF is not available in certain countries, some dentists use adjunctive app...

    Authors: Chun-Hung Chu, Sherry Shiqian Gao, Samantha KY Li, May CM Wong and Edward CM Lo
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:426
  14. Pragmatic randomised controlled trials (PRCTs) aim to assess intervention effectiveness by accounting for ‘real life’ implementation challenges in routine practice. The methodological challenges of PRCT implem...

    Authors: Hueiming Liu, Luciana Massi, Anne-Marie Eades, Kirsten Howard, David Peiris, Julie Redfern, Tim Usherwood, Alan Cass, Anushka Patel, Stephen Jan and Tracey-Lea Laba
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:425
  15. Although asthma symptoms can be temporarily controlled, it is recommended to use effective low-risk, non-drug strategies to constitute a significant advance in asthma management. Acupuncture has been tradition...

    Authors: Lei-Miao Yin, Yu Wang, Lei Fan, Yu-Dong Xu, Wen-Qian Wang, Yan-Yan Liu, Jun-Tao Feng, Cheng-Ping Hu, Pei-Yu Wang, Tie-Feng Zhang, Su-Ju Shao and Yong-Qing Yang
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:424
  16. Low back pain is among the leading causes of medical visits and lost duty days among members of the United States Armed Forces and represents the highest 5-year risk of permanent disability in the US Army. For...

    Authors: Daniel Rhon and Julie Fritz
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:423
  17. Intra-operative electrocorticography, based on interictal spikes and spike patterns, is performed to optimize delineation of the epileptogenic tissue during epilepsy surgery. High frequency oscillations (HFOs,...

    Authors: Maryse A. van ’t Klooster, Frans S. S. Leijten, Geertjan Huiskamp, Hanneke E. Ronner, Johannes C. Baayen, Peter C. van Rijen, Martinus J. C. Eijkemans, Kees P. J. Braun and Maeike Zijlmans
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:422
  18. Effective weight loss interventions are widely available but, after weight loss, most individuals regain weight. This article describes the protocol for the NULevel trial evaluating the effectiveness and cost-...

    Authors: Elizabeth H. Evans, Vera Araújo-Soares, Ashley Adamson, Alan M. Batterham, Heather Brown, Miglena Campbell, Stephan U. Dombrowski, Alison Guest, Daniel Jackson, Dominika Kwasnicka, Karim Ladha, Elaine McColl, Patrick Olivier, Alexander J. Rothman, Kirby Sainsbury, Alison J. Steel…
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:421
  19. Household air pollution exposure is a major health risk, but validated interventions remain elusive.

    Authors: Darby W. Jack, Kwaku Poku Asante, Blair J. Wylie, Steve N. Chillrud, Robin M. Whyatt, Kenneth A. Ae-Ngibise, Ashlinn K. Quinn, Abena Konadu Yawson, Ellen Abrafi Boamah, Oscar Agyei, Mohammed Mujtaba, Seyram Kaali, Patrick Kinney and Seth Owusu-Agyei
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:420
  20. Chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC) is an eye disease characterized by an accumulation of serous fluid under the retina. It is postulated that this fluid accumulation results from hyperpermeability...

    Authors: Myrte B. Breukink, Susan M. Downes, Giuseppe Querques, Elon H. C. van Dijk, Anneke I. den Hollander, Rocio Blanco-Garavito, Jan E. E. Keunen, Eric H. Souied, Robert E. MacLaren, Carel B. Hoyng, Sascha Fauser and Camiel J. F. Boon
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:419
  21. Metabolic syndrome is a growing public health problem worldwide. Several interventions have been proposed to specifically target the problem. This study evaluated the effectiveness of an interactive web-based ...

    Authors: Leila Jahangiry, Davoud Shojaeizadeh, Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi, Mehdi Yaseri, Kazem Mohammad, Mahdi Najafi and Ali Montazeri
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:418
  22. Complete and transparent reporting of clinical trial protocols and reports ensures that these documents are useful to all stakeholders, that bias is minimized, and that the research is not wasted. However, cur...

    Authors: April V. P. Clyburne-Sherin, Pravheen Thurairajah, Mufiza Z. Kapadia, Margaret Sampson, Winnie W. Y. Chan and Martin Offringa
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:417
  23. Motivational interviewing (MI) has great potential in changing health-related behaviors. In addition to delivery in face-to-face individual counseling, MI can be delivered through online groups, a method that ...

    Authors: Xiaoli Gao, Edward Chin-Man Lo, Colman McGrath and Samuel Mun-Yin Ho
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:416
  24. Temporomandibular disorders are a group of orofacial pain conditions that are commonly identified in the general population. Like many other chronic pain conditions, they can be associated with anxiety/depress...

    Authors: Rivail Almeida Brandão Filho, Abrahão Fontes Baptista, Renata de Assis Fonseca Santos Brandão, Francisco Monteiro Meneses, Jeffrey Okeson and Eduardo Pondé de Sena
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:415
  25. Neck pain is a major health problem in populations worldwide and an economic burden in modern societies due to its high prevalence and costs in terms of health care expenditures and lost productivity. Massage ...

    Authors: Eva Skillgate, Anne-Sylvie Bill, Pierre Côté, Peter Viklund, Anna Peterson and Lena W. Holm
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:414
  26. The obesity epidemic is well established, particularly in rural settings. Programs promoting healthy lifestyles for rural women are urgently needed; however, participant engagement is challenging. In the conte...

    Authors: Samantha L. Kozica, Cheryce L. Harrison, Helena J. Teede, Sze Ng, Lisa J. Moran and Catherine B. Lombard
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:413
  27. Randomized controlled trials are the gold standard for evaluating therapy; however, controversy exists regarding the applicability of such results to daily practice, as patients are often pre-selected and may ...

    Authors: Jarosław Wasilewski, Lech Poloński, Andrzej Lekston, Tadeusz Osadnik, Rafał Reguła, Kamil Bujak and Anna Kurek
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:411
  28. Depression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. A high proportion of patients do not respond to standard drug treatments. Recent evidence has suggested that anti-inflammatory treatment may hav...

    Authors: Muhammad I. Husain, Imran B. Chaudhry, Raza R. Rahman, Munir M. Hamirani, Inti Qurashi, Ameer B. Khoso, John FW Deakin, Nusrat Husain and Allan H. Young
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:410
  29. Antiplatelet treatment is an important component in optimizing the clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) especially in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Prasugrel, which i...

    Authors: Joo Myung Lee, Ji-Hyun Jung, Kyung Woo Park, Eun-Seok Shin, Seok Kyu Oh, Jang-Whan Bae, Jay Young Rhew, Namho Lee, Dong-Bin Kim, Ung Kim, Jung-Kyu Han, Sang Eun Lee, Han-Mo Yang, Hyun-Jae Kang, Bon-Kwon Koo, Sanghyun Kim…
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:409
  30. Access for endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (EVAR) is obtained through surgical cutdown or percutaneously. The only devices suitable for percutaneous closure of the 20 French arteriotomies of ...

    Authors: Bastiaan P. Vierhout, Ben R. Saleem, Alewijn Ott, Jan Maarten van Dijl, Ties D. van Andringa de Kempenaer, Maurice E. N. Pierie, Jan T. Bottema and Clark J. Zeebregts
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:408
  31. The Cord Pilot Trial aimed to assess the feasibility of conducting a large UK randomised trial to compare the effects of alternative polices for timing of cord clamping (immediate within 20 seconds or deferred...

    Authors: Lucy E. Bradshaw, Angela Pushpa-Rajah, Jon Dorling, Eleanor J. Mitchell and Lelia Duley
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:407
  32. Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Estimated to affect 60 million people worldwide, this figure is expected to rise to 80 million by 2020. Untreated, glaucoma leads to visual...

    Authors: Ecosse L. Lamoureux, Rachel Mcintosh, Marios Constantinou, Eva K. Fenwick, Jing Xie, Robert Casson, Eric Finkelstein, Ivan Goldberg, Paul Healey, Ravi Thomas, Ghee Soon Ang, Konrad Pesudovs and Jonathan Crowston
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:406
  33. Selection bias occurs when recruiters selectively enrol patients into the trial based on what the next treatment allocation is likely to be. This can occur even if appropriate allocation concealment is used if...

    Authors: Brennan C. Kahan, Sunita Rehal and Suzie Cro
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:405
  34. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is recommended for the treatment of psychosis; however, only a small proportion of service users have access to this intervention. Smartphone technology using software applica...

    Authors: Sandra Bucci, Christine Barrowclough, John Ainsworth, Rohan Morris, Katherine Berry, Matthew Machin, Richard Emsley, Shon Lewis, Dawn Edge, Iain Buchan and Gillian Haddock
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:404
  35. Following the World Trade Center disaster, a large number of individuals involved in rescue and recovery activity were exposed to significant amounts of dust, and reported symptoms of chronic nasal and sinus i...

    Authors: Indu Ayappa, Jag Sunderram, Kathleen Black, Akosua Twumasi, Iris Udasin, Denise Harrison, Jeffrey L. Carson, Shou-En Lu and David M. Rapoport
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:403
  36. Vitamin D is a pleiotropic hormone important for the recovery of organ systems after critical illness. Recent observational studies have suggested that three out of every four children are vitamin D deficient ...

    Authors: J. Dayre McNally, Katie O’Hearn, Margaret L. Lawson, Gyaandeo Maharajh, Pavel Geier, Hope Weiler, Stephanie Redpath, Lauralyn McIntyre, Dean Fergusson and Kusum Menon
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:402
  37. Visual or visual-and-intellectual disabilities of children make daily interactions more difficult for their parents and may impact the quality of the parent-child relationship. To support these parents, an exi...

    Authors: Mathilde M. Overbeek, Paula S. Sterkenburg, Sabina Kef and Carlo Schuengel
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:401
  38. The position of invasive urodynamic testing (IUT) in diagnostic pathways for urinary incontinence is unclear, and systematic reviews have called for further trials evaluating clinical utility. The objective of...

    Authors: Paul Hilton, Natalie Armstrong, Catherine Brennand, Denise Howel, Jing Shen, Andrew Bryant, Douglas G. Tincello, Malcolm G. Lucas, Brian S. Buckley, Christopher R. Chapple, Tara Homer, Luke Vale and Elaine McColl
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:400
  39. Fluctuation in glycemia due to hormonal changes, growth periods, physical activity, and emotions make diabetes management difficult during adolescence. Our objective was to show that a close control of patient...

    Authors: Behrouz Kassai, Muriel Rabilloud, Delphine Bernoux, Catherine Michal, Benjamin Riche, Tiphanie Ginhoux, Valérie Laudy, Daniel Terral, Catherine Didier-Wright, Veronique Maire, Catherine Dumont, Gilles Cottancin, Muriel Plasse, Guy-Patrick Jeannoel, Jamil Khoury, Claire Bony…
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:399
  40. ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) accounts for nearly one third of acute coronary syndromes. Despite improved STEMI patient care, mortality remains high, contributing significantly to the ischemic hea...

    Authors: António Gaspar, Miguel Álvares Pereira, Pedro Azevedo, André Lourenço, Jorge Marques and Adelino Leite-Moreira
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:398
  41. Precompetition nervous syndrome comprises an excessive nervous and anxiety response to the high-pressure environment preceding a sporting competition. The use of acupuncture as a treatment option for anxiety, ...

    Authors: Shi Shu, Mei Zhan, Yan-li You, Xiao-lu Qian, Chun-ming Li, Cheng-lin Zhou and Shuang Zhou
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:396
  42. Reduced tongue strength is an important factor contributing to early and late dysphagia in head and neck cancer patients previously treated with chemoradiotherapy. The evidence is growing that tongue strengthe...

    Authors: Gwen Van Nuffelen, Leen Van den Steen, Olivier Vanderveken, Pol Specenier, Carl Van Laer, Diane Van Rompaey, Cindy Guns, Steven Mariën, Marc Peeters, Paul Van de Heyning, Jan Vanderwegen and Marc De Bodt
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:395
  43. There is a marked lack of evidence on the optimal prevention of ischaemic stroke and other thromboembolic events in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and a recent intracerebral haemorrhage during ...

    Authors: Koen M. van Nieuwenhuizen, H. Bart van der Worp, Ale Algra, L. Jaap Kappelle, Gabriel J. E. Rinkel, Isabelle C. van Gelder, Roger E. G. Schutgens and Catharina J. M. Klijn
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:393
  44. Until recently, insufficient attention has been paid to the fact that surgical interventions are complex. This complexity has several implications, including the way in which surgical interventions are describ...

    Authors: Natalie S. Blencowe, Julia M. Brown, Jonathan A. Cook, Chris Metcalfe, Dion G. Morton, Jon Nicholl, Linda D. Sharples, Shaun Treweek and Jane M. Blazeby
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:392
  45. We have developed a novel and brief semi-structured psychotherapeutic intervention for patients with advanced or metastatic cancer, called Managing Cancer And Living Meaningfully. We describe here the methodol...

    Authors: Chris Lo, Sarah Hales, Anne Rydall, Tania Panday, Aubrey Chiu, Carmine Malfitano, Judy Jung, Madeline Li, Rinat Nissim, Camilla Zimmermann and Gary Rodin
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:391
  46. Knowledge translation (KT) involves implementation of evidence-based strategies and guidelines into practice to improve the process of care and health outcomes for patients. Findings from pragmatic trials may ...

    Authors: Lehana Thabane, Janusz Kaczorowski, Lisa Dolovich, Larry W. Chambers and Lawrence Mbuagbaw
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:387
  47. Infancy is an important period in a child’s life, with rapid growth and development. Early experiences shape the developing brain, and adverse experiences can have both an immediate and lifelong impact on heal...

    Authors: Maiken Pontoppidan
    Citation: Trials 2015 16:386

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