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  1. Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant medication that disrupts the liver’s production of clotting factors. While this medication is highly effective for the prevention of thromboembolic events, it also has a narro...

    Authors: Balraj S. Heran, G. Michael Allan, Lee Green, Christina Korownyk, Michael Kolber, Nicole Olivier, Mary Flesher and Scott Garrison
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:391
  2. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains a common problem in critically ill patients. Pharmacologic prophylaxis is currently the standard of care based on high-level evidence from randomized controlled trials. How...

    Authors: Yaseen M Arabi, Sami Alsolamy, Abdulaziz Al-Dawood, Awad Al-Omari, Fahad Al-Hameed, Karen E. A. Burns, Mohammed Almaani, Hani Lababidi, Ali Al Bshabshe, Sangeeta Mehta, Abdulsalam M. Al-Aithan, Yasser Mandourah, Ghaleb Almekhlafi, Simon Finfer, Sheryl Ann I. Abdukahil, Lara Y. Afesh…
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:390

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Trials 2016 17:420

  3. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disease that affects 1 in 3500–6000 male births. Despite broad research aiming to improve muscle function as well as heart and brain function, suffici...

    Authors: Patricia Hafner, Ulrike Bonati, Daniela Rubino, Vanya Gocheva, Thomas Zumbrunn, Nuri Gueven and Dirk Fischer
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:389
  4. Globally, burns are the fifth leading cause of non-fatal children’s injuries, and the leading cause of childhood burns is hot beverage scalds. Although there have been a number of programmes aimed at preventin...

    Authors: J. D. Burgess, C. M. Cameron, K. Watt and R. M. Kimble
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:388
  5. Effective, accessible, and affordable depression treatment is of high importance considering the large personal and economic burden of depression. Internet-based treatment is considered a promising clinical an...

    Authors: Annet Kleiboer, Jan Smit, Judith Bosmans, Jeroen Ruwaard, Gerhard Andersson, Naira Topooco, Thomas Berger, Tobias Krieger, Cristina Botella, Rosa Baños, Karine Chevreul, Ricardo Araya, Arlinda Cerga-Pashoja, Roman Cieślak, Anna Rogala, Christiaan Vis…
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:387
  6. The OPTI-SCRIPT cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT) found that a three-phase multifaceted intervention including academic detailing with a pharmacist, GP-led medicines reviews, supported by web-based pha...

    Authors: Barbara Clyne, Janine A. Cooper, Carmel M. Hughes, Tom Fahey and Susan M. Smith
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:386
  7. Skin fibrosis is involved in a variety of pathologic conditions ranging from scar formation secondary to surgery or trauma to immune-mediated processes. Skin fibrosis is a significant international health prob...

    Authors: Derek Ho, Ekaterina Kraeva, Ted Wun, R. Rivkah Isseroff and Jared Jagdeo
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:385
  8. Septic shock has a 90-day mortality risk of up to 50 %. The hemodynamic targets, including mean arterial pressure (MAP) are not based on robust clinical data. Both severe hypotension and high doses of vasopres...

    Authors: Ville Pettilä, Tobias Merz, Erika Wilkman, Anders Perner, Sari Karlsson, Theis Lange, Johanna Hästbacka, Peter Buhl Hjortrup, Anne Kuitunen, Stephan M. Jakob and Jukka Takala
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:384
  9. Open globe ocular trauma complicated by intraocular scarring (proliferative vitreoretinopathy) is a relatively rare, blinding, but potentially treatable condition for which, at present, surgery is often unsati...

    Authors: Jessica W. Lo, Catey Bunce, David Charteris, Philip Banerjee, Rachel Phillips and Victoria R. Cornelius
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:383
  10. Hypertension is a complex chronic condition characterized by elevated arterial blood pressure. Management of hypertension includes non-pharmacologic strategies, which may include techniques that effectively re...

    Authors: Simone Regina Posser, Carine Cristina Callegaro, Marina Beltrami-Moreira and Leila Beltrami Moreira
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:382
  11. Muscles get smaller and weaker as we age and become more vulnerable to atrophy when physical activity is reduced or removed. This research is designed to investigate the potentially protective effects of two s...

    Authors: Oliver J. Perkin, Rebecca L. Travers, Javier T. Gonzalez, James E. Turner, Fiona Gillison, Cassie Wilson, Polly M. McGuigan, Dylan Thompson and Keith A. Stokes
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:381
  12. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising new technique to optimize the effect of regular Speech and Language Therapy (SLT) in the context of aphasia rehabilitation. The present study focus...

    Authors: Kerstin Spielmann, W. Mieke E. van de Sandt-Koenderman, Majanka H. Heijenbrok-Kal and Gerard M. Ribbers
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:380
  13. Use of antiplatelet therapy shortly before stroke due to spontaneous primary intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is associated with higher case fatality in comparison to ICH without prior antithrombotic drug use. ...

    Authors: M. Irem Baharoglu, Rustam Al-Shahi Salman, Charlotte Cordonnier, Rob J. de Haan and Yvo B. W. E. M. Roos
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:379
  14. Morbidity and mortality following initial survival of cardiac arrest remain high despite great efforts to improve resuscitation techniques and post-resuscitation care, in part due to the ischemia-reperfusion i...

    Authors: Anna Sina P. Meyer, Sisse R. Ostrowski, Jesper Kjaergaard, Pär I. Johansson and Christian Hassager
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:378
  15. Probiotics are live microorganisms that may confer health benefits when ingested. Randomized trials suggest that probiotics significantly decrease the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and the...

    Authors: Deborah J. Cook, Jennie Johnstone, John C. Marshall, Francois Lauzier, Lehana Thabane, Sangeeta Mehta, Peter M. Dodek, Lauralyn McIntyre, Joe Pagliarello, William Henderson, Robert W. Taylor, Rodrigo Cartin-Ceba, Eyal Golan, Margaret Herridge, Gordon Wood, Daniel Ovakim…
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:377
  16. Patient and public involvement (PPI) in studies carried out by the UK Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit (MRC CTU) at University College London varies by research type and setting. We developed a se...

    Authors: Annabelle South, Bec Hanley, Mitzy Gafos, Ben Cromarty, Richard Stephens, Kate Sturgeon, Karen Scott, William J. Cragg, Conor D. Tweed, Jacqueline Teera and Claire L. Vale
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:376

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Trials 2016 17:440

  17. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurological disorder affecting 5 % of children worldwide. A prevalent problem for children with ADHD is initial insomnia. The gold standard treatmen...

    Authors: Salima Punja, Catherine J. Nikles, Hugh Senior, Geoffrey Mitchell, Christopher H. Schmid, Helen Heussler, Manisha Witmans and Sunita Vohra
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:375
  18. Early identification of participants at risk of run-in failure (RIF) may present opportunities to improve trial efficiency and generalizability.

    Authors: Judy R. Rees, Leila A. Mott, Elizabeth L. Barry, John A. Baron, Jane C. Figueiredo, Douglas J. Robertson, Robert S. Bresalier and Janet L. Peacock
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:374
  19. Adaptive designs have been increasingly used in the pharmaceutical and device industries, but adoption within the academic setting has been less widespread — particularly for confirmatory phase trials. We soug...

    Authors: William J. Meurer, Laurie Legocki, Samkeliso Mawocha, Shirley M. Frederiksen, Timothy C. Guetterman, William Barsan, Roger Lewis, Donald Berry and Michael Fetters
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:373
  20. The high rate of cannabis use among patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP), as well as the associated negative impact on illness course and treatment outcomes, underlines the need for effective interventi...

    Authors: Itxaso González-Ortega, Enrique Echeburúa, Adriana García-Alocén, Patricia Vega and Ana González-Pinto
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:372
  21. People with bipolar disorder often show difficulties with cognitive functioning, and though these difficulties are identified as important targets for intervention, few treatment options are available. Prelimi...

    Authors: Rebecca Strawbridge, Jessica Fish, Rozmin Halari, John Hodsoll, Clare Reeder, Karine Macritchie, Paul McCrone, Til Wykes and Allan H. Young
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:371
  22. Dementia is very common in Down syndrome (trisomy 21) adults. Statins may slow brain amyloid β (Aβ, coded on chromosome 21) deposition and, therefore, delay Alzheimer disease onset. One prospective cohort stud...

    Authors: Sally-Ann Cooper, Temitope Ademola, Muriel Caslake, Elizabeth Douglas, Jonathan Evans, Nicola Greenlaw, Caroline Haig, Angela Hassiotis, Andrew Jahoda, Alex McConnachie, Jill Morrison, Howard Ring, John Starr, Ciara Stiles, Chammy Sirisena and Frank Sullivan
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:370
  23. Chronic pain in older people is highly prevalent, often underestimated, and associated with adverse outcomes. Most available analgesic drugs are often either ineffective or not tolerated, with many side effect...

    Authors: Maura Marcucci, Federico Germini, Anna Coerezza, Luca Andreinetti, Lorenzo Bellintani, Alessandro Nobili, Paolo Dionigi Rossi and Daniela Mari
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:369
  24. Women with highly penetrant BRCA mutations have a 55–60 % lifetime risk for breast cancer and a 16–59 % lifetime risk of developing ovarian cancer. However, penetrance differs interindividually, indicating that e...

    Authors: Marion Kiechle, Christoph Engel, Anika Berling, Katrin Hebestreit, Stephan C. Bischoff, Ricarda Dukatz, Michael Siniatchkin, Katharina Pfeifer, Sabine Grill, Maryam Yahiaoui-Doktor, Ellen Kirsch, Uwe Niederberger, Ute Enders, Markus Löffler, Alfons Meindl, Kerstin Rhiem…
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:368
  25. Most positive psychology interventions conducted in the West have been focused on the individual. Family relationships are highly valued in the Chinese collectivist culture, and it is of interest to know wheth...

    Authors: Henry C. Y. Ho, Moses Mui, Alice Wan, Yin-lam Ng, Sunita M. Stewart, Carol Yew, Tai Hing Lam and Sophia S. Chan
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:367
  26. Public Health England (PHE) estimates that there are upwards of 160,000 individuals in England and Wales with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but until now only around 100,000 laboratory diagnoses h...

    Authors: Kirsty Roberts, John Macleod, Chris Metcalfe, Joanne Simon, Jeremy Horwood, William Hollingworth, Sharon Marlowe, Fiona H. Gordon, Peter Muir, Barbara Coleman, Peter Vickerman, Graham I. Harrison, Cherry-Ann Waldron, William Irving and Matthew Hickman
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:366
  27. The move toward evidence-based education has led to increasing numbers of randomised trials in schools. However, the literature on recruitment to non-clinical trials is relatively underdeveloped, when compared...

    Authors: Áine Aventin, Maria Lohan, Lisa Maguire and Mike Clarke
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:365
  28. This descriptive study aimed to investigate adolescents’ motivations for participating in a randomised controlled trial (RCT), to explore the understanding that the young people had regarding a number of aspec...

    Authors: Nick Midgley, Danny Isaacs, Katharina Weitkamp and Mary Target
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:364
  29. Most women with breast cancer experience a progressive weight gain during and after treatment. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of recurrence, contralateral breast cancer, and death. Physical activ...

    Authors: Patrizia Gnagnarella, Daniele Dragà, Federica Baggi, Maria Claudia Simoncini, Annarita Sabbatini, Ketti Mazzocco, Fabio Domenico Bassi, Gabriella Pravettoni and Patrick Maisonneuve
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:363
  30. Accidental injury represents the most common type of traumatic event experienced by children under the age of 6 years. Around 10–30 % of young injured children will go on to develop post-traumatic stress disor...

    Authors: Alexandra C. De Young, Ann-Christin Haag, Justin A. Kenardy, Roy M. Kimble and Markus A. Landolt
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:362
  31. A major challenge in treating acute asthma exacerbations is the need to open constricted airways rapidly enough to reestablish ventilation and allow delivery of conventional medication to diseased airways. The...

    Authors: Francis H. Y. Green, Richard Leigh, Morenike Fadayomi, Gurkeet Lalli, Andrea Chiu, Grishma Shrestha, Sharif G. ElShahat, David Evan Nelson, Tamer Y. El Mays, Cora A. Pieron and John H. Dennis
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:361
  32. Gastroschisis research is limited in quality by the presence of significant heterogeneity in outcome measure reporting (PloS One 10(1):e0116908, 2015). Using core outcome sets in research is one proposed metho...

    Authors: Benjamin Allin, Andrew Ross, Sean Marven, Nigel J Hall and Marian Knight
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:360
  33. Tong Luo Hua Shi (TLHS) is a new formulation of the traditional Tibetan medicine Wu-wei-gan-lu that has been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for hundreds of years in China. This study aimed...

    Authors: Wei Liu, Yuan-Hao Wu, Si-Yuan Hu, Cheng-Liang Zhong, Ming-Li Gao, Dong-Wu Liu, Hai-Yun Wang, Mu-Zhi Chen, Yue-Jin Song, Ben-Zha-Xi Yang, Qing-Shan Zheng, Hua Yao, Xue-Bing Qi and Gang Li
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:359
  34. In the UK, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infection presented by women in primary care. Recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTIs) are defined as three episodes of UTI in the las...

    Authors: Andrew Flower, Kim Harman, George Lewith, Michael Moore, Felicity L. Bishop, Beth Stuart and Nicholas Lampert
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:358
  35. Increasing levels of insecticide resistance as well as outdoor, residual transmission of malaria threaten the efficacy of existing vector control tools used against malaria mosquitoes. The development of odour...

    Authors: Alexandra Hiscox, Tobias Homan, Collins K. Mweresa, Nicolas Maire, Aurelio Di Pasquale, Daniel Masiga, Prisca A. Oria, Jane Alaii, Cees Leeuwis, Wolfgang R. Mukabana, Willem Takken and Thomas A. Smith
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:356
  36. About half of the daily smokers in Hong Kong have never tried and have no intention to quit smoking. More than one-third (37.9 %) of daily smokers have attempted to quit but failed. Nicotine replacement therap...

    Authors: Yee Tak Derek Cheung, Jessica Pui Kei Leung, Chelsia Ka Ching Cheung, William Ho Cheung Li, Man Ping Wang and Tai Hing Lam
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:355
  37. The incidence of cancer has been staying at a high level worldwide in recent years. With advances in cancer diagnosis and therapy strategy, the survival rate of patients with cancer has been increasing, but th...

    Authors: Jie-shu You, Jian-ping Chen, Jessie S.M. Chan, Ho-fun Lee, Mei-kuen Wong, Wing-Fai Yeung and Li-xing Lao
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:354
  38. Trials in school-aged children suggest vitamin D supplementation reduces asthma exacerbations. Primary aim: to examine whether vitamin D3 (100,000 IU) rapidly raises serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) ≥75 nmol/L i...

    Authors: Megan E. Jensen, Genevieve Mailhot, Nathalie Alos, Elizabeth Rousseau, John H. White, Ali Khamessan and Francine M. Ducharme
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:353
  39. Patients with recurrent episodes of non-cardiac chest pain may experience cardiac anxiety and avoidance behavior, leading to increased healthcare utilization. These patients might benefit from help and support...

    Authors: Ghassan Mourad, Anna Strömberg, Egil Jonsbu, Mikael Gustafsson, Peter Johansson and Tiny Jaarsma
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:352
  40. Cognitive behavior therapy for psychosis (CBTp) is an effective intervention for people who hear distressing voices (auditory hallucinations). However, there continues to be a problem of poor access to CBTp. C...

    Authors: Cassie M. Hazell, Mark Hayward, Kate Cavanagh, Anna-Marie Jones and Clara Strauss
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:351
  41. Sedation prior to esophagogastroduodenoscopy is widespread and increases patient comfort. However, it demands additional trained personnel, accounts for up to 40 % of total endoscopy costs and impedes rapid ho...

    Authors: Anja Schaible, Katja Schwan, Thomas Bruckner, Konstanze Plaschke, Markus W. Büchler, Markus Weigand, Peter Sauer, Christian Bopp and Phillip Knebel
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:350
  42. The school system has been identified as an ideal setting for the implementation of prevention and early intervention programs for suicide. However, in Australia, suicide-prevention programs that are routinely...

    Authors: Alison L. Calear, Jacqueline L. Brewer, Philip J. Batterham, Andrew Mackinnon, Peter A. Wyman, Mark LoMurray, Fiona Shand, Dominique Kazan and Helen Christensen
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:349
  43. The gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as a contributor to disease states. Patients with type 1 diabetes (DM1) have distinct gut microbiota in comparison to non-diabetic individuals, and it has been lin...

    Authors: Josephine Ho, Raylene A. Reimer, Manpreet Doulla and Carol Huang
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:347
  44. Obesity is an increasingly prevalent chronic condition that is associated with serious morbidity and mortality. Excess body weight is a risk factor contributing to diseases such as hypertension, heart disease,...

    Authors: Linda L. D. Zhong, Wai Kun, Tsz Fung Lam, Shi Ping Zhang, Jun Jun Yang, Tat Chi Ziea, Bacon Ng and Zhao Xiang Bian
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:346
  45. Subcutaneous administration of Ig (SCIg) has gained popularity as an alternative route of administration but has never been rigorously examined in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).

    Authors: Ivo N. van Schaik, Nan van Geloven, Vera Bril, Hans-Peter Hartung, Richard A. Lewis, Gen Sobue, John-Philip Lawo, Orell Mielke, David R. Cornblath and Ingemar S. J. Merkies
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:345
  46. Trials are robust sources of data for clinical practice; however, trial outcomes may not reflect what is important to communicate for decision-making. The study compared clinicians’ views of outcomes to includ...

    Authors: Angus G. K. McNair, Sara T. Brookes, Robert N. Whistance, Rachael O. Forsythe, Rhiannon Macefield, Jonathan Rees, James Jones, George Smith, Anne M. Pullyblank, Kerry N. L. Avery, Michael G. Thomas, Paul A. Sylvester, Anne Russell, Alfred Oliver, Dion Morton, Robin Kennedy…
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:344
  47. Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Kunxian capsule, a Chinese patent medicine which has been used in the treatment of immunologic diseases for many years in China, has an...

    Authors: Qiuxia Li, Li Li, Liqi Bi, Changhong Xiao, Zhiming Lin, Shuangyan Cao, Zetao Liao and Jieruo Gu
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:337
  48. Subject recruitment for medical research is challenging. Slow patient accrual leads to increased costs and delays in treatment advances. Researchers need reliable tools to manage and predict the accrual rate. ...

    Authors: Yu Jiang, Peter Guarino, Shuangge Ma, Steve Simon, Matthew S. Mayo, Rama Raghavan and Byron J. Gajewski
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:336

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