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  1. Despite a variety of efficient and cost-effective antihypertensive medication, hypertension remains a serious health and economic burden. High consumption of cardiovascular drugs in the Slovak Republic does re...

    Authors: Zuzana Haramiova, Michal Stasko, Martin Hulin, Tomas Tesar, Magdalena Kuzelova and Donald M. Morisky
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:334
  2. South Africa recently phased out access to free formula milk in the public sector in support of breastfeeding for women living with HIV. Few women living with HIV in South Africa choose breastfeeding and among...

    Authors: Moleen Zunza, Mark F. Cotton, Lawrence Mbuagbaw, Richard Lester and Lehana Thabane
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:331
  3. Tranexamic acid prevents blood clots from breaking down and reduces bleeding. However, it is uncertain whether tranexamic acid is effective in traumatic brain injury. The CRASH-3 trial is a randomised controll...

    Authors: Abda Mahmood, Ian Roberts and Haleema Shakur
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:330
  4. To evaluate the effect of a smoking-, alcohol- or combined-cessation intervention starting shortly before surgery and lasting 6 weeks on overall complications after radical cystectomy. Secondary objectives are...

    Authors: Susanne Vahr Lauridsen, Thordis Thomsen, Peter Thind and Hanne Tønnesen
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:329
  5. Low back pain causes more global disability than any other condition. Once the acute pain becomes chronic, about two-thirds of sufferers will not fully recover after 1–2 years. There is a paucity of effective ...

    Authors: Christoph Schnelle, Steffen Messerschmidt, Eunice J. Minford, Kate Greenaway-Twist, Maxine Szramka, Marianna Masiorski, Michelle Sheldrake and Mark Jones
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:328

    The Retraction Note to this article has been published in Trials 2021 22:182

  6. Informed consent (IC) is an ethical and legal prerequisite for trial participation, yet current approaches evaluating participant understanding for IC during recruitment lack consistency. No validated measure ...

    Authors: Julia Wade, Daisy Elliott, Kerry N. L. Avery, Daisy Gaunt, Grace J. Young, Rebecca Barnes, Sangeetha Paramasivan, W Bruce Campbell, Jane M. Blazeby, Alison J Birtle, Rob C. Stein, David J Beard, Alison W Halliday and Jenny L. Donovan
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:327
  7. Demands are increasingly being made for clinical trialists to actively share individual participant data (IPD) collected from clinical trials using responsible methods that protect the confidentiality and priv...

    Authors: Catrin Tudur Smith, Sarah Nevitt, Duncan Appelbe, Richard Appleton, Pete Dixon, Janet Harrison, Anthony Marson, Paula Williamson and Elizabeth Tremain
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:319
  8. Lack of trust in parental support is a transdiagnostic risk factor for the development of psychological problems throughout the lifespan. Research suggests that children’s cognitive attachment representations ...

    Authors: Martine W. F. T. Verhees, Eva Ceulemans, Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marinus H. van IJzendoorn, Simon de Winter and Guy Bosmans
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:326
  9. Twin–Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS) is associated with an increased risk of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Several treatment interventions have been described for TTTS, including fetoscopic laser surgery...

    Authors: Asma Khalil, Helen Perry, James Duffy, Keith Reed, Ahmet Baschat, Jan Deprest, Kurt Hecher, Liesbeth Lewi, Enrico Lopriore and Dick Oepkes
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:325
  10. Attention has shifted to the use of non-pharmacological interventions to prevent cognitive decline as a preventive strategy, as well as for those at risk and those with mild cognitive impairment. Early introdu...

    Authors: Rathi Mahendran, Iris Rawtaer, Johnson Fam, Jonathan Wong, Alan Prem Kumar, Mihir Gandhi, Kenny Xu Jing, Lei Feng and Ee Heok Kua
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:324
  11. Temporal changes in the placebo arm of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have not been thoroughly investigated, despite the fact that results of RCTs depend on the comparison between arms.

    Authors: Karolina A. Wartolowska, Stephen Gerry, Benjamin G. Feakins, Gary S. Collins, Jonathan Cook, Andrew Judge and Andrew J. Carr
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:323
  12. Yearly, nearly all the estimated worldwide 2.7 million neonatal deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. Infections, including those affecting the umbilical cord (omphalitis), are a significant factor...

    Authors: Victoria Nankabirwa, Thorkild Tylleskär, Josephine Tumuhamye, James K. Tumwine, Grace Ndeezi, José C. Martines and Halvor Sommerfelt
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:322
  13. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common skin cancer that poses a risk of metastasis. Clinical investigations into SCC treatment are common, but the outcomes reported are highly variable, omitted, or clinical...

    Authors: Daniel I. Schlessinger, Sanjana Iyengar, Arianna F. Yanes, Sarah G. Chiren, Victoria Godinez-Puig, Brian R. Chen, Anastasia O. Kurta, Jochen Schmitt, Stefanie Deckert, Karina C. Furlan, Emily Poon, Todd V. Cartee, Ian A. Maher, Murad Alam and Joseph F. Sobanko
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:321
  14. A core outcome set (COS) is an agreed standardised collection of outcomes that should be measured and reported by all trials for a specific clinical area, in this case chronic rhinosinusitis. These are not res...

    Authors: Archana Soni-Jaiswal, Raj Lakhani and Claire Hopkins
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:320
  15. Aquatic therapy promotes short-term benefits for patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), and it may be the first therapeutic option for this pathological condition. The objective of this study was to investiga...

    Authors: Guilherme Eleutério Alcalde, Ana Carolina Fonseca, Thais Fernanda Bôscoa, Mirella Regina Gonçalves, Gabriele Candido Bernardo, Bruna Pianna, Bianca Ferdin Carnavale, Camila Gimenes, Silvia Regina Barrile and Eduardo Aguilar Arca
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:317
  16. Hypercholesterolemia is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The first line treatment for hypercholesterolemia is statin therapy. When the expected low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-...

    Authors: Karolina Obońska, Michał Kasprzak, Joanna Sikora, Ewa Obońska, Krzysztof Racki, Natalia Goździkiewicz, Magdalena Krintus and Jacek Kubica
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:316
  17. Young people who have social disability associated with severe and complex mental health problems are an important group in need of early intervention. Their problems often date back to childhood and become ch...

    Authors: David Fowler, Paul French, Robin Banerjee, Garry Barton, Clio Berry, Rory Byrne, Timothy Clarke, Rick Fraser, Brioney Gee, Kathryn Greenwood, Caitlin Notley, Sophie Parker, Lee Shepstone, Jon Wilson, Alison R. Yung and Joanne Hodgekins
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:315
  18. Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and there is a rising global burden. The effects of diet on cardiometabolic risk factors have been studied extensively. He...

    Authors: Ranil Jayawardena, Pasindu Fernando, Niroshan Lokunarangoda and Anidu Keerthi Pathirana
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:314
  19. This study aims to investigate the effects of a modified, balanced crystalloid including phosphate in a perioperative setting in order to maintain a stable electrolyte and acid-base homeostasis in the patient.

    Authors: Judith-Irina Pagel, Nikolai Hulde, Tobias Kammerer, Michaela Schwarz, Daniel Chappell, Alexander Burges, Klaus Hofmann-Kiefer and Markus Rehm
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:313
  20. A large number of randomized trials on the use of acupuncture to treat chronic pain have been conducted. However, there is considerable controversy regarding the effectiveness of acupuncture. We designed a ran...

    Authors: Yiling Yang, Xiaoxia Yan, Hongmei Deng, Dian Zeng, Jianpeng Huang, Wenbin Fu, Nenggui Xu and Jianhua Liu
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:312
  21. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has become the most common cause of death and disability in persons between 15 and 30 years of age, and about 10–15% of patients affected by TBI will end up in a coma. Coma caused ...

    Authors: Xiang Wu, Chao Zhang, Junfeng Feng, Qing Mao, Guoyi Gao and Jiyao Jiang
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:311
  22. Acupuncture and moxibustion has been widely applied to hyperlipidemia treatment in clinical practice in China, serving as an alternative treatment to statins. Warm-needling acupuncture and medicinal cake-separ...

    Authors: Mailan Liu, Qian Zhang, Shan Jiang, Mi Liu, Guoshan Zhang, Zenghui Yue, Qin Chen, Jie Zhou, Yifan Zou, Dan Li, Mingzhu Ma, Guobin Dai, Huan Zhong, Zhihong Wang and Xiaorong Chang
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:310
  23. Trials which test the effectiveness of interventions compared with the status quo frequently encounter challenges. The cohort multiple randomised controlled trial (cmRCT) design is an innovative approach to th...

    Authors: Petter Viksveen, Clare Relton and Jon Nicholl
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:308
  24. Postpartum haemorrhage complicates approximately 10% of all deliveries and contributes to at least a quarter of all maternal deaths worldwide. The competency-based Helping Mothers Survive Bleeding after Birth ...

    Authors: Claudia Hanson, Andrea B. Pembe, Fadhlun Alwy, Susan Atuhairwe, Sebalda Leshabari, Jessica Morris, Frank Kaharuza and Gaetano Marrone
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:307
  25. Interventional radiology includes a range of minimally invasive image-guided diagnostic and therapeutic procedures that have become routine clinical practice. Each procedure involves a percutaneous needle inse...

    Authors: RC. Rouchy, A. Moreau-Gaudry, E. Chipon, S. Aubry, L. Pazart, B. Lapuyade, M. Durand, M. Hajjam, S. Pottier, B. Renard, R. Logier, X. Orry, A. Cherifi, E. Quehen, G. Kervio, O. Favelle…
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:306
  26. There is a critical need for objective data to guide effective health promotion and care for homeless populations. However, many investigators exclude homeless populations from clinical trials due to practical...

    Authors: Olamide Ojo-Fati, Anne M. Joseph, Jed Ig-Izevbekhai, Janet L. Thomas, Susan A. Everson-Rose, Rebekah Pratt, Nancy Raymond, Ned L. Cooney, Xianghua Luo and Kolawole S. Okuyemi
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:305
  27. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to improve health care in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, inadequate methods and incomplete reporting of interventions can prevent the transposition of researc...

    Authors: Lee Aymar Ndounga Diakou, Francine Ntoumi, Philippe Ravaud and Isabelle Boutron
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:291

    The Correction to this article has been published in Trials 2018 19:42

  28. Approximately 80% of global tuberculosis (TB) cases occur in low-resource settings, with little opportunity for TB control. We hypothesized that the rapid increase in smartphone users and advances in digital t...

    Authors: Ruixue Huang, Guofeng Ren and Jianan Hu
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:286
  29. Family caregivers (FC) often experience higher distress levels than their relative with cancer. Many cancer centers have implemented distress screening programs, but most of them concentrate their efforts on p...

    Authors: Michèle Aubin, Lucie Vézina, René Verreault, Sébastien Simard, Jean-François Desbiens, Lise Tremblay, Serge Dumont, Lise Fillion, Maman Joyce Dogba and Pierre Gagnon
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:304
  30. Balloon predilatation of the aortic valve has been regarded as an essential step during the transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) procedure. However, recent evidence has suggested that aortic valvulop...

    Authors: Florence Leclercq, Pierre Robert, Jessica Labour, Benoit Lattuca, Mariama Akodad, Jean-Christophe Macia, Richard Gervasoni, Francois Roubille, Thomas Gandet, Laurent Schmutz, Erika Nogue, Nicolas Nagot, Bernard Albat and Guillaume Cayla
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:303
  31. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to clustered cardiovascular risk factors (abdominal obesity, pre-diabetes, high blood pressure, dyslipidaemia). Therapies targeting oxidative stress ma...

    Authors: Nina Hermans, Anastasia Van der Auwera, Annelies Breynaert, Annelies Verlaet, Tess De Bruyne, Luc Van Gaal, Luc Pieters and Veronique Verhoeven
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:302
  32. Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Although some of the current treatments offer some symptomatic relief, this disease cannot be cured at present. Electroacupuncture may be effecti...

    Authors: Weina Peng, Jing Zhou, Min Xu, Qing Feng, Lulu Bin and Zhishun Liu
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:301
  33. The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act gave the Food and Drug Administration jurisdiction over the regulation of all tobacco products, including their nicotine content. Under this act, a major s...

    Authors: Nicolle M. Krebs, Sophia I. Allen, Susan Veldheer, Diane J. Martinez, Kimberly Horn, Craig Livelsberger, Jennifer Modesto, Robin Kuprewicz, Ashley Wilhelm, Shari Hrabovsky, Abid Kazi, Alyse Fazzi, Jason Liao, Junjia Zhu, Emily Wasserman, Samantha M. Reilly…
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:300

    The Correction to this article has been published in Trials 2017 18:598

  34. Despite controversy regarding homeopathy, some patients consult homeopaths for depression. Evidence is required to determine whether this is an effective, acceptable and safe intervention for these patients.

    Authors: Petter Viksveen, Clare Relton and Jon Nicholl
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:299
  35. Persecutory delusions are the most common type of delusions in psychosis and present in around 10–15% of the general population. Persecutory delusions are thought to be sustained by biased cognitive and emotio...

    Authors: Jenny Yiend, Antonella Trotta, Christopher Meek, Ilvana Dzafic, Nora Baldus, Bryony Crane, Thomas Kabir, Daniel Stahl, Margaret Heslin, Sukhwinder Shergill, Philip McGuire and Emmanuelle Peters
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:298
  36. Type-2 diabetes has become a major disease and is known to seriously impair people’s health worldwide. Prediabetes includes impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and is the most c...

    Authors: Xinger Li, Haiyan Liu, Huiping Feng, Zhongren Xian, Yanhong Chen, Jianping Chen, Chunzhi Tang, Xinsheng Lai, Xiaoling Lan, Huanzhen Huang and Dongdong Yu
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:297
  37. Hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage (HICH) is the most common form of haemorrhagic stroke with the highest morbidity and mortality of all stroke types. The choice of surgical or conservative treatment for p...

    Authors: Xinghua Xu, Yi Zheng, Xiaolei Chen, Fangye Li, Huaping Zhang and Xin Ge
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:296
  38. Anesthesiologists administer excess supplemental oxygen (hyper-oxygenation) to patients during surgery to avoid hypoxia. Hyper-oxygenation, however, may increase the generation of reactive oxygen species and c...

    Authors: Marcos G. Lopez, Mias Pretorius, Matthew S. Shotwell, Robert Deegan, Susan S. Eagle, Jeremy M. Bennett, Bantayehu Sileshi, Yafen Liang, Brian J. Gelfand, Adam J. Kingeter, Kara K. Siegrist, Frederick W. Lombard, Tiffany M. Richburg, Dane A. Fornero, Andrew D. Shaw, Antonio Hernandez…
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:295
  39. Epidemics of meningococcal meningitis are common in the “African meningitis belt.” Current response strategies include reactive vaccination campaigns, which are often organized too late to have maximal impact....

    Authors: Matthew E. Coldiron, Gabriel Alcoba, Iza Ciglenecki, Matt Hitchings, Ali Djibo, Anne-Laure Page, Celine Langendorf and Rebecca F. Grais
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:294
  40. A randomized controlled trial of adults with empyema recently demonstrated decreased length of stay in hospital in patients treated with intrapleurally administered dornase alfa and fibrinolytics compared to f...

    Authors: Michael H. Livingston, Sanjay Mahant, Felix Ratjen, Bairbre L. Connolly, Kevin Thorpe, Muhammad Mamdani, Ian Maclusky, Sophie Laberge, Lucy Giglia, J. Mark Walton, Connie L. Yang, Ashley Roberts, Anna C. Shawyer, Mary Brindle, Simon J. Parsons, Cristina A. Stoian…
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:293
  41. The incidence of cerebral infarction has been growing year by year in China and around the world. According to clinical observation, acupuncture utilizing the “waking up the spirit” needling method is widely u...

    Authors: Shaosong Wang, Tingting Ma, Linpeng Wang, Lu Liu, Huilin Liu, Bin Li and Yuanbo Fu
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:292
  42. The routine implementation of sternal precautions to prevent sternal complications that restrict the use of the upper limbs is currently worldwide practice following a median sternotomy. However, evidence is l...

    Authors: Md Ali Katijjahbe, Linda Denehy, Catherine L. Granger, Alistair Royse, Colin Royse, Rebecca Bates, Sarah Logie, Sandy Clarke and Doa El-Ansary
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:290
  43. Obesity is a public health concern in many countries due to its increasing prevalence. Euiiyin-tang is an herbal medicine formula often used as a clinical treatment for obesity. It acts to eliminate humidity a...

    Authors: Chunhoo Cheon, Soobin Jang, Jeong-Su Park, Youme Ko, Doh Sun Kim, Byung Hoon Lee, Hyun Jong Song, Yun-Kyung Song, Bo-Hyoung Jang, Yong-Cheol Shin and Seong-Gyu Ko
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:289
  44. Clinical trial globalization is a major trend for industry-sponsored clinical trials. There has been a shift in clinical trial sites towards emerging regions of Eastern Europe, Latin America, Asia, the Middle ...

    Authors: Sohyun Jeong, Minji Sohn, Jae Hyun Kim, Minoh Ko, Hee-won Seo, Yun-Kyoung Song, Boyoon Choi, Nayoung Han, Han-Sung Na, Jong Gu Lee, In-Wha Kim, Jung Mi Oh and Euni Lee
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:288
  45. Scalp acupuncture has shown a remarkable treatment efficacy on motor dysfunction in patients with stroke in China, especially the motor area of Jiao’s scalp acupuncture, which is the most widely used treatment...

    Authors: Jun Wang, Jian Pei, Dhiaedin Khiati, Qinhui Fu, Xiao Cui, Yi Song, Minghang Yan, Lijun Shi, Yiwen Cai and Yuhong Ma
    Citation: Trials 2017 18:287
  46. The selection of appropriate outcomes is crucial when designing clinical trials in order to compare the effects of different interventions directly. For the findings to influence policy and practice, the outco...

    Authors: Paula R. Williamson, Douglas G. Altman, Heather Bagley, Karen L. Barnes, Jane M. Blazeby, Sara T. Brookes, Mike Clarke, Elizabeth Gargon, Sarah Gorst, Nicola Harman, Jamie J. Kirkham, Angus McNair, Cecilia A. C. Prinsen, Jochen Schmitt, Caroline B. Terwee and Bridget Young
    Citation: Trials 2017 18(Suppl 3):280

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 18 Supplement 3

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