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  1. Eliminating hepatitis C is hampered by the costs of direct-acting antiviral treatment and the need to treat hard-to-reach populations. Access could be widened by shortening or simplifying treatment, but limite...

    Authors: Leanne McCabe, Ian R. White, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau, Eleanor Barnes, Sarah L. Pett, Graham S. Cooke and A. Sarah Walker

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:413

    Content type: Methodology

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  2. Febrile neutropaenia (FN) is a very common complication in patients with haematological malignancies and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Broad-spectrum antipseudomonal β-lactam antibio...

    Authors: J. Laporte-Amargos, C. Gudiol, M. Arnan, P. Puerta-Alcalde, F. Carmona-Torre, M. Huguet, A. Albasanz-Puig, R. Parody, C. Garcia-Vidal, J. L. del Pozo, M. Batlle, C. Tebé, R. Rigo-Bonnin, C. Muñoz, A. Padullés, F. Tubau…

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:412

    Content type: Study protocol

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  3. The rising number of nursing home (NH) residents and their increasingly complex treatment needs pose a challenge to the German health care system. In Germany, there is no specialized geriatric medical care for...

    Authors: Alexandra Piotrowski, Martha Meyer, Iris Burkholder, Dagmar Renaud, Markus Alexander Müller, Thorsten Lehr, Sonja Laag, Joachim Meiser, Lisa Manderscheid and Juliane Köberlein-Neu

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:411

    Content type: Study protocol

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  4. Cold hypersensitivity in the hands and feet (CHHF) commonly affects Asian women, especially Korean women, and it negatively impacts the quality of life of the affected individuals. One commonly used herbal pre...

    Authors: Kyou-Young Lee, In-Sik Han, Ho-Yeon Go, Dong-Nyung Lee, Jun-Sang Yu and Seung-Ho Sun

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:410

    Content type: Study protocol

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  5. Early mobilization has been proven effective for patients in intensive care units (ICUs) to improve functional recovery. However, early mobilization of critically ill, often mechanically ventilated, patients i...

    Authors: Robin C. H. Kwakman, Juultje Sommers, Janneke Horn, Frans Nollet, Raoul H. H. Engelbert and Marike van der Schaaf

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:409

    Content type: Study protocol

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  6. Insomnia seriously affects people’s normal lives and work. However, effective treatment strategies are scarce. The purpose of this study is to explore the efficacy and safety of Jiao-tai-wan (JTW) for ameliora...

    Authors: Congcong Zeng, Xi Liu, Lufeng Hu, Yuan Feng, Nengzhi Xia, Haihuan Zeng, Lin Luo, Ren Ye and Zhengzhong Yuan

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:408

    Content type: Study protocol

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  7. A chest X-ray is a standard imaging procedure in the diagnostic work-up of patients suspected of having non-traumatic pulmonary disease. Compared to a chest X-ray, an ultra-low-dose (ULD) chest computed tomogr...

    Authors: Maadrika M. N. P. Kanglie, Shandra Bipat, Inge A. H. van den Berk, Tjitske S. R. van Engelen, Marcel G. W. Dijkgraaf, Jan M. Prins, Jaap Stoker and Patrick M. M. Bossuyt

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:407

    Content type: Update

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    The Protocol to this article has been published in Diagnostic and Prognostic Research 2018 2:20

  8. Previous studies suggested that acupuncture was a promising adjunctive treatment for asthma. However, the underlying mechanism of acupuncture for asthma remains unclear. The aim of the present trial is to expl...

    Authors: Siyi Yu, Xiaohui Dong, Ruirui Sun, Zhaoxuan He, Chuantao Zhang, Mei Chen, Xiaojuan Hong, Lei Lan and Fang Zeng

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:406

    Content type: Study protocol

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  9. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common knee injury that can lead to poor quality of life, decreased activity and increased risk of secondary osteoarthritis of the knee. Management of patients wit...

    Authors: Loretta Davies, Jonathan Cook, Jose Leal, Carlos Morgado Areia, Beverly Shirkey, William Jackson, Helen Campbell, Heidi Fletcher, Andrew Carr, Karen Barker, Sarah E. Lamb, Paul Monk, Sean O’Leary, Fares Haddad, Chris Wilson, Andrew Price…

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:405

    Content type: Study protocol

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  10. Previous research suggests that both cognitive training and physical exercise help to maintain brain health and cognitive functions that decline with age. Some studies indicate that combined interventions may ...

    Authors: Soledad Ballesteros, Jennifer A. Rieker, Julia Mayas, Antonio Prieto, Pilar Toril, María Pilar Jiménez and José Manuel Reales

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:404

    Content type: Study protocol

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  11. Office-based workers accumulate high amounts of sitting time. Stand More At Work (SMArT Work) aimed to reduce occupational sitting time and a cluster randomised controlled trial demonstrated it was successful ...

    Authors: Stuart J. H. Biddle, Sophie E. O’Connell, Melanie J. Davies, David Dunstan, Charlotte L. Edwardson, Dale W. Esliger, Laura J. Gray, Thomas Yates and Fehmidah Munir

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:403

    Content type: Research

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  12. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of delivering Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) through telecommunication with a group of adolescents who present anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak. ...

    Authors: Shitao Chen

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:402

    Content type: Letter

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  13. Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular malformations characterized by clusters of enlarged leaky capillaries in the central nervous system. They may result in intracranial haemorrhage, epileptic ...

    Authors: Silvia Lanfranconi, Elisa Scola, Giulio Andrea Bertani, Barbara Zarino, Roberto Pallini, Giorgio d’Alessandris, Emanuela Mazzon, Silvia Marino, Maria Rita Carriero, Emma Scelzo, Giuseppe Faragò, Marco Castori, Carmela Fusco, Antonio Petracca, Leonardo d’Agruma, Laura Tassi…

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:401

    Content type: Study protocol

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  14. Elevated postoperative N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations are predictive for cardiac adverse events in noncardiac surgery. Studies indicate that supplemental oxygen decreases sym...

    Authors: Christian Reiterer, Barbara Kabon, Markus Falkner von Sonnenburg, Patrick Starlinger, Alexander Taschner, Oliver Zotti, Julius Goshin, Gregor Drlicek and Edith Fleischmann

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:400

    Content type: Study protocol

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  15. An individualized treatment algorithm (Copenhagen Achilles Rupture Treatment Algorithm (CARTA)) based on the ultrasonographic appearance of an acute Achilles tendon rupture has been developed aiming to select ...

    Authors: Maria Swennergren Hansen, Marianne Toft Vestermark, Per Hölmich, Morten Tange Kristensen and Kristoffer Weisskirchner Barfod

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:399

    Content type: Study protocol

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  16. Clinical trials generally each collect their own data despite routinely collected health data (RCHD) increasing in quality and breadth. Our aim is to quantify UK-based randomised controlled trials (RCTs) acces...

    Authors: Sarah Lensen, Archie Macnair, Sharon B. Love, Victoria Yorke-Edwards, Nurulamin M. Noor, Meredith Martyn, Alexandra Blenkinsop, Carlos Diaz-Montana, Graham Powell, Elizabeth Williamson, James Carpenter and Matthew R. Sydes

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:398

    Content type: Research

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  17. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent cardiac arrhythmia which increases the risk of thromboembolic complications and impairs quality of life. An important part of a therapeutic approach for AF is sinu...

    Authors: Rafał Dąbrowski, Paweł Syska, Justyna Mączyńska, Michał Farkowski, Stefan Sawicki, Agata Kubaszek-Kornatowska, Piotr Michałek, Ilona Kowalik, Hanna Szwed and Tomasz Hryniewiecki

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:397

    Content type: Study protocol

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  18. Modified Sijunzi decoction (SJZD) has been used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC) in remission. However, more rigorous clinical trials are necessary to evaluate its effectiveness. Therefore, a series of single-cas...

    Authors: Yi-ming Chen, Jie-min Deng, Yi Wen, Bin Chen, Jiang-tao Hou, Bin Peng, Shi-jing Zhang, Hong Mi, Qi-long Jiang, Xia-lin Wu, Feng-bin Liu and Xin-lin Chen

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:396

    Content type: Study protocol

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  19. Shared decision making (SDM) implementation remains challenging. The factors that promote or hinder implementation of SDM tools for use during the consultation, including contextual factors such as clinician b...

    Authors: Gabriela Spencer-Bonilla, Anjali Thota, Paige Organick, Oscar J. Ponce, Marleen Kunneman, Rachel Giblon, Megan E. Branda, Angela L. Sivly, Emma Behnken, Carl R. May and Victor M. Montori

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:395

    Content type: Research

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  20. Inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics for acute respiratory infections at the primary care level represents the major source of antibiotic misuse in healthcare, and is a major driver for antimicrobial resis...

    Authors: Chao Zhuo, Xiaolin Wei, Zhitong Zhang, Joseph Paul Hicks, Jinkun Zheng, Zhixu Chen, Victoria Haldane, John Walley, Yubao Guan, Hongyan Xu and Nanshan Zhong

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:394

    Content type: Study protocol

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  21. Effective strategies for participant retention are critical in health research to ensure validity, generalizability and efficient use of resources. Yet standardized guidelines for planning and reporting on ret...

    Authors: Nicole L. A. Catherine, Rosemary Lever, Lenora Marcellus, Corinne Tallon, Debbie Sheehan, Harriet MacMillan, Andrea Gonzalez, Susan M. Jack and Charlotte Waddell

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:393

    Content type: Research

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  22. Low back pain is highly prevalent and a major source of disability worldwide. Spa therapy is frequently used to treat low back pain, but the associated level of evidence for efficacy is insufficient. To fill t...

    Authors: Romain Forestier, Carey Suehs, Alain Françon, Marc Marty, Stéphane Genevay, Jérémie Sellam, Claire Chauveton, Fatma Begüm Erol Forestier and Nicolas Molinari

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:392

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  23. Trastuzumab (Tmab), pertuzumab (Pmab), and taxane has been a standard first-line treatment for recurrent or metastatic human epidermal growth factor (HER2)-positive breast cancer (HER2+ mBC) but has some safety i...

    Authors: Toshinari Yamashita, Norikazu Masuda, Shigehira Saji, Kazuhiro Araki, Yoshinori Ito, Toshimi Takano, Masato Takahashi, Junji Tsurutani, Kei Koizumi, Masahiro Kitada, Yasuyuki Kojima, Yasuaki Sagara, Hiroshi Tada, Tsutomu Iwasa, Takayuki Kadoya, Tsuguo Iwatani…

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:391

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Trials 2020 21:503

  24. A growing body of evidence suggests that early life health and developmental outcomes can be improved through parental support programs. The objective of this project was to test the feasibility, impact, and r...

    Authors: Alexandra Brentani, Ana Paula Scolezze Ferrer, Luana Bessa, Susan Chang, Susan Walker, Christine Powell, Jena Hamadani, Sandra Grisi and Günther Fink

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:390

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  25. Pancreatic resection is a major abdominal operation with 50% risk of postoperative complications. A common complication is pancreatic fistula, which may have severe clinical consequences such as postoperative ...

    Authors: F. Jasmijn Smits, Anne Claire Henry, Casper H. van Eijck, Marc G. Besselink, Olivier R. Busch, Mark Arntz, Thomas L. Bollen, Otto M. van Delden, Daniel van den Heuvel, Christiaan van der Leij, Krijn P. van Lienden, Adriaan Moelker, Bert A. Bonsing, Inne H. M. Borel Rinkes, Koop Bosscha, R. M. van Dam…

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:389

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  26. Following publication of the original article [1], we were notified that one of the corresponding author’s affiliations was omitted.

    Authors: Erik Lundström, Eva Isaksson, Per Näsman, Per Wester, Björn Mårtensson, Bo Norrving, Håkan Wallén, Jörgen Borg, Martin Dennis, Gillian Mead, Graeme J. Hankey, Maree L. Hackett and Katharina S. Sunnerhagen

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:388

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in Trials 2020 21:233

  27. Exchange transfusion is a highly complex procedure that requires high levels of expertise. Trainee paediatricians do not have adequate training in exchange transfusion because opportunities to perform this pro...

    Authors: María José Maldonado, Sergio Iván Agudelo, Juan David Suarez and Oscar Gamboa

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:387

    Content type: Study protocol

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  29. This randomized controlled clinical trial aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of opposing needling in patients undergoing unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Opposing needling is one of the special ...

    Authors: Hai Huang, Xiuling Song, Ling Zhao, Lin Zheng, Lianbo Xiao and Yuelai Chen

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:385

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  30. Clinical trials commonly have a dedicated trial manager and effective trial management is essential to the successful delivery of high-quality trials. Trial managers have diverse experience and currently there...

    Authors: Eleanor Mitchell, Kirsteen Goodman, Suzanne Hartley, Helen Hickey, Alison M. McDonald, Helen M. Meadows, Shelley Rhodes, Jodi Taylor, Natalie Wakefield and Barbara Farrell

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:384

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  31. To address the multifaceted challenges associated with tuberculosis (TB) in-person directly observed therapy (DOT), the World Health Organization recently recommended that countries maximize the use of digital...

    Authors: Tsegahun Manyazewal, Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel, David P. Holland, Abebaw Fekadu, Henry M. Blumberg and Vincent C. Marconi

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:383

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  32. Tinnitus is a particularly common condition and can have debilitating psychological consequences for certain people. Although several interventions have been helpful in teaching individuals to better cope with...

    Authors: Martin Jensen, Eva Hüttenrauch, Jennifer Schmidt, Gerhard Andersson, Mira-Lynn Chavanon and Cornelia Weise

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:382

    Content type: Study protocol

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  33. Laminoplasty and laminectomy have been used for decades for the treatment of intraspinal space-occupying lesions, spinal stenosis, disc herniation, injuries, etc. After these procedures, patients often experie...

    Authors: Niti Shrestha, Liang Wu, Xiaodi Wang, Wenqing Jia and Fang Luo

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:381

    Content type: Study protocol

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  34. North American health authorities recommend 0.4 mg/day folic acid before conception and throughout pregnancy to reduce the risk of neural tube defects. Folic acid is a synthetic form of folate that must be red...

    Authors: Kelsey M. Cochrane, Chantal Mayer, Angela M. Devlin, Rajavel Elango, Jennifer A. Hutcheon and Crystal D. Karakochuk

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:380

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  35. Older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an increased risk of bone fracture independent of their bone mineral density (BMD), which is explained mainly by the deteriorated bone quality in T2DM c...

    Authors: Ai Haraguchi, Riyoko Shigeno, Ichiro Horie, Shimpei Morimoto, Ayako Ito, Ko Chiba, Yurika Kawazoe, Shigeki Tashiro, Junya Miyamoto, Shuntaro Sato, Hiroshi Yamamoto, Makoto Osaki, Atsushi Kawakami and Norio Abiru

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:379

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  36. Randomised controlled trials (RCT) may be hindered by slow recruitment rates, particularly in critically ill patients. While statistical models to predict recruitment rates have been described, no systematic a...

    Authors: Mahesh Ramanan, Laurent Billot, Dorrilyn Rajbhandari, John Myburgh, Simon Finfer, Rinaldo Bellomo and Balasubramanian Venkatesh

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:378

    Content type: Research

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  37. Asthma is the most common chronic disease among children worldwide, with 80% of asthma-related deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). While evidence-based guidelines exist for asthma tre...

    Authors: Elisa D. Romani, Trishul Siddharthan, Nair Lovatón, Carol C. Alvítez-Luna, Oscar Flores-Flores and Suzanne L. Pollard

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:377

    Content type: Study protocol

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  38. Dutch teachers in secondary vocational schools suffer from stress and burnout complaints that can cause considerable problems at work. This paper presents a study design that can be used to evaluate the short-...

    Authors: Math Janssen, Yvonne Heerkens, Beatrice Van der Heijden, Hubert Korzilius, Pascale Peters and Josephine Engels

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:376

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  39. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Nancy A. Rigotti, Kristina Schnitzer, Esa M. Davis, Susan Regan, Yuchiao Chang, Jennifer H. K. Kelley, Anna E. Notier, Karen Gilliam, Antoine Douaihy, Douglas E. Levy, Daniel E. Singer and Hilary A. Tindle

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:375

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in Trials 2020 21:336

  40. Depression has serious personal, family and economic consequences. It is estimated that it will cost £12.15 billion to the economy each year in England by 2026. Improving access to psychological therapies (IAP...

    Authors: Clara Strauss, Amy Arbon, Michael Barkham, Sarah Byford, Rebecca Crane, Richard de Visser, Margaret Heslin, Anna-Marie Jones, Fergal Jones, Laura Lea, Glenys Parry, Claire Rosten and Kate Cavanagh

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:374

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  41. Prolonged acute hospital stays are a problem for older people and for health services. Failure to effectively manage the psychological and social aspects of illness is an important cause of prolonged hospital ...

    Authors: Nicholas Magill, Ian R. White, Jane Walker, Katy Burke, Mark Toynbee, Maike van Niekerk, Fan Yang, Simon Walker, Mark Sculpher, Michael Sharpe and Chris Frost

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:373

    Content type: Update

    Published on:

    The Study protocol to this article has been published in Trials 2019 20:483

  42. Therapies that significantly improve the neurological and functional recovery of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) are still urgently needed. The ketogenic diet (KD) has been shown to improve forelimb ...

    Authors: Aynur Demirel, Jia Li, Casey Morrow, Stephen Barnes, Jan Jansen, Barbara Gower, Keneshia Kirksey, David Redden and Ceren Yarar-Fisher

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:372

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  43. Peer support is an established intervention involving a person recovering from mental illness supporting others with mental illness. Peer support is an under-used resource in global mental health. Building upo...

    Authors: Galia S. Moran, Jasmine Kalha, Annabel S. Mueller-Stierlin, Reinhold Kilian, Silvia Krumm, Mike Slade, Ashleigh Charles, Candelaria Mahlke, Rebecca Nixdorf, David Basangwa, Juliet Nakku, Richard Mpango, Grace Ryan, Donat Shamba, Mary Ramesh, Fileuka Ngakongwa…

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:371

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  44. Diarrhea is a common adverse reaction in patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy, for which there is currently no effective method of treatment. Shengjiang Xiexin decoction (SXD), a classic traditional Chi...

    Authors: Chao Deng, Yanni Lou, Yu Gao, Bo Deng, Fei Su and Liqun Jia

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:370

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  45. The incidence of gastric cancer in East Asia is much higher than the international average. Therefore, improving the prognosis of patients and establishing effective clinical pathways are important topics for ...

    Authors: Yulong Tian, Shougen Cao, Leping Li, Qingsi He, Lijian Xia, Lixin Jiang, Yinlu Ding, Xinjian Wang, Hao Wang, Weizheng Mao, Xizeng Hui, Yiran Shi, Huanhu Zhang, Xianqun Chu, Henrik Kehlet and Yanbing Zhou

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:369

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  46. Underserved ethnic minority populations experience significant disparities in HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), colorectal cancer (CRC), and cervical cancer incidence and mortality. Much of the excess burden of th...

    Authors: Olveen Carrasquillo, Julia Seay, Vasanti Jhaveri, Timothy Long, Sonjia Kenya, Emmanuel Thomas, Daniel Sussman, Dinah Trevil, Tulay Koru-Sengul and Erin Kobetz

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:368

    Content type: Study protocol

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  47. Effective treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (e.g., prolonged exposure (PE); cognitive processing therapy (CPT)) exist and are widely adopted by the Departments of Veterans Affairs (VA) and De...

    Authors: Melba A. Hernandez-Tejada, Wendy Muzzy, Matthew Price, Stephanie Hamski, Stephanie Hart, Edna Foa and Ron Acierno

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:366

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  48. The preservation of fertility and integrity of the reproductive organs has increasingly been of concern to most women with adenomyosis. Adenomyomectomy is conservative surgery that is now widely applied; howev...

    Authors: Wenwen Wang, Xiangyi Ma, Wei Zhang, Zhiying Li, Yan Wang, Zhiying Yu, Chunlian Zhang, Li Hong, Ruoyu Luo, Hui Xing, Wuliang Wang, Qingfen Yue, Jia Wei, Minli Zhang and Shixuan Wang

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:364

    Content type: Study protocol

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  49. Employers express a need for support to facilitate the return to work (RTW) process of employees with cancer. We have developed the MiLES intervention, an online toolbox targeting employers during the RTW of e...

    Authors: Michiel A. Greidanus, Angela G. E. M. de Boer, Angelique E. de Rijk, Monique H. W. Frings-Dresen and Sietske J. Tamminga

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:363

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

  50. We reported that in our previous study that wearing intermittent occlusion therapy glasses (IO-therapy) for 4 hours (h) was non-inferior to patching for 2 h in 3 to 8-year-old children with amblyopia. We hypot...

    Authors: Jingyun Wang, Ayesha Malik, Jing Jin, Yi Pang, Kelly Yin, Megan Allen, Adriana Grigorian, Brandy Scombordi, Joann Bailey, Saeed Aljohani, Katharine Funari, Ruth Shoge, Siva Meiyeppen, Jenny Myung, Ajay Soni and Daniel E. Neely

    Citation: Trials 2020 21:361

    Content type: Study protocol

    Published on:

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