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  1. By end December of 2021, COVID-19 has infected around 276 million individuals and caused over 5 million deaths worldwide. Infection results in dysregulated systemic inflammation, multi-organ dysfunction, and c...

    Authors: Graciela Cárdenas, María Chávez-Canales, Ana María Espinosa, Antonio Jordán-Ríos, Daniel Anica Malagon, Manlio Fabio Márquez Murillo, Laura Victoria Torres Araujo, Ricardo Leopoldo Barajas Campos, Rosa María Wong-Chew, Luis Esteban Ramirez González, Karent Ibet Cresencio, Enrique García Velázquez, Mariana Rodriguez de la Cerda, Yoana Leyva, Joselin Hernández-Ruiz, María Luisa Hernández-Medel…
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:148
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  2. Although progress has been made in the prevention and treatment of HIV in China, there are still a considerable number of new infections annually, especially in older men. HIV health education for older men is...

    Authors: Jianlan Ren, Mei Li, Yue Luo, Yu Zheng, Jian Tang, Ying Wang and Yanhua Chen
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:146
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  3. Carotid atherosclerotic plaques remain silent until their rupture, which may lead to detrimental ischemic events such as strokes. This is due, in part, to intraplaque hemorrhages (IPH) and the resulting inflam...

    Authors: Mathilde Mura, Emeraude Rivoire, Leila Dehina-Khenniche, Michèle Weiss-Gayet, Bénédicte Chazaud, Camille Faes, Philippe Connes, Anne Long, Chantal L. Rytz, Pauline Mury, Lidia Delrieu, Etienne Gouraud, Marine Bordet, Nellie Della Schiava, Patrick Lermusiaux, Matthieu Arsicot…
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:145
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Trials 2022 23:230

  4. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in France (17,712 annual deaths). However, this cancer is preventable in the majority of cases by the early detection of adenomas. In France,...

    Authors: Paul Aujoulat, Delphine Le Goff, Antoine Dany, Michel Robaskiewick, Jean Baptiste Nousbaum, Jeremy Derrienic, Mélanie Cariou, Morgane Guillou and Jean Yves Le Reste
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:144
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  5. Inhaled glucocorticoid corticosteroid (ICS), long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonist (LABA), and other drugs have limited therapeutic effects on COPD with significant individual differences. Traditional Chinese me...

    Authors: Qing Kong, Yuxue Cao, Zhen Gao, Jing Sun, Hongying Zhang, Yijie Du, Yubao Lv, Sihan Zhou, Zihui Tang, Baojun Liu and Jingcheng Dong
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:143
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  6. Acute low back pain is a common condition, has high burden, and there are evidence-to-practice gaps in the chiropractic and physiotherapy setting for imaging and giving advice to stay active. The aim of this c...

    Authors: Simon D. French, Denise A. O’Connor, Sally E. Green, Matthew J. Page, Duncan S. Mortimer, Simon L. Turner, Bruce F. Walker, Jennifer L. Keating, Jeremy M. Grimshaw, Susan Michie, Jill J. Francis and Joanne E. McKenzie
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:142
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. The Helicobacter Eradication Aspirin Trial (HEAT) is a multicentre, double blind, randomised controlled trial investigating whether Helicobacter (H.) pylori eradication reduces hospitalisation for peptic ulcer bl...

    Authors: Diane J. Stevenson, Anthony J. Avery, Carol Coupland, F. D. Richard Hobbs, Denise Kendrick, Michael V. Moore, Clive Morris, Greg P. Rubin, Murray D. Smith, Christopher J. Hawkey and Jennifer S. Dumbleton
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:140
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a detrimental condition that can greatly diminish the quality of life. Purposeful control over the phantom limb activates the affected neural circuitry and leads to dissolution of th...

    Authors: Eva Lendaro, Eric J. Earley and Max Ortiz-Catalan
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:138
    Content type: Update Published on:

  10. While immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has revolutionized the treatment of metastatic cutaneous melanoma, no standard treatments are available for patients with metastatic uveal melanoma (UM). Several locore...

    Authors: T. M. L. Tong, M. K. van der Kooij, F. M. Speetjens, A. R. van Erkel, R. W. van der Meer, J. Lutjeboer, E. L. van Persijn van Meerten, C. H. Martini, R. W. M. Zoethout, F. G. J. Tijl, C. U. Blank, M. C. Burgmans and E. Kapiteijn
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:137
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  11. Oxygen therapy is a widely used intervention in acutely ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). It is established that not only hypoxia, but also prolonged hyperoxia is associated with poor patient-cent...

    Authors: C. C. A. Grim, L. I. van der Wal, H. J. F. Helmerhorst, D. J. van Westerloo, P. Pelosi, M. J. Schultz and E. de Jonge
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:136
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  12. The prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains very poor. One possible reason for the short survival of patients with this disease is malnutrition, which can be present at the initial diagnosis, and...

    Authors: Daisuke Hashimoto, Sohei Satoi, Hideki Ishikawa, Yasuhiro Kodera, Keiko Kamei, Satoshi Hirano, Tsutomu Fujii, Kenichiro Uemura, Akihiko Tsuchida, Suguru Yamada, Tomohisa Yamamoto, Kiichi Hirota and Mitsugu Sekimoto
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:135
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  13. Authors: Christopher Kai Shun Leung, Seraph Tianmin Ren, Poemen Pui Man Chan, Kelvin Ho Nam Wan, Aziz Ka Wai Kam, Gilda Wing Ki Lai, Vivian Sheung Man Chiu, Match Wai Lun Ko, Cedric Ka Fai Yiu and Marco Chak Yan Yu
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:134
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in Trials 2022 23:45

  14. Opposing needling is a unique method used in acupuncture therapy to relieve pain, acting on the side contralateral to the pain. Although opposing needling has been used to treat pain in various diseases, it is...

    Authors: Chi Zhao, Hui Xu, Xinyu A, Bingxin Kang, Jun Xie, Jun Shen, Songtao Sun, Sheng Zhong, Chenxin Gao, Xirui Xu, Youlong Zhou and Lianbo Xiao
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:133
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  15. External randomised pilot trials help researchers decide whether, and how, to do a future definitive randomised trial. The progression criteria are often prespecified to inform the interpretation of pilot tria...

    Authors: Katie Mellor, Susan J. Dutton, Sally Hopewell and Charlotte Albury
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:132
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is seen in up to 30–70% of women presenting for routine gynecology care and 10% of women suffering from bothersome POP symptoms. Vaginal childbirth is one of the most prominent cont...

    Authors: Li Min, Yang Chunxue, Lv Qiubo, Dong Xudong, Zhang Yan, Zhang Guifang, Hu Kejia, Gai Tianzi and Feng Qing
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:131
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  17. Authors: Francisco Mera-Cordero, Sara Bonet-Monne, Jesús Almeda-Ortega, Ana García-Sangenís, Oriol Cunillera-Puèrtolas, Sara Contreras-Martos, Gemma Alvarez-Muñoz, Ramon Monfà, Marina Balanzó-Joué, Rosa Morros and Betlem Salvador-Gonzalez
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:130
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in Trials 2022 23:19

  18. Encouraging upper limb use and increasing intensity of practice in rehabilitation are two important goals for optimizing upper limb recovery post stroke. Feedback from novel wearable sensors may influence prac...

    Authors: Lisa A. Simpson, Ruth Barclay, Mark T. Bayley, Sean P. Dukelow, Bradley J. MacIntosh, Marilyn MacKay-Lyons, Carlo Menon, W. Ben Mortenson, Tzu-Hsuan Peng, Courtney L. Pollock, Sepideh Pooyania, Robert Teasell, Chieh-ling Yang, Jennifer Yao and Janice J. Eng
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:129
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Trials 2022 23:207

  19. Common cold symptoms may be mitigated by products in caplet, nasal spray, and oral solution formulations, although variations exist in the bioavailability of the active ingredients contained within these produ...

    Authors: Pascal Mallefet, Marianna Armogida, Walter J. Doll, Richard C. Page and Erik P. Sandefer
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:128
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. Early childhood development (ECD) is essential in human capacity building and a critical element in the intergenerational process of human development. In some countries, social programs targeted at improving ...

    Authors: Amado D. Quezada-Sánchez, Evelyn Fuentes-Rivera, Angélica García-Martínez, María del Carmen Hernández-Chávez, Carlos Pineda-Antúnez, Martín Romero Martínez, Armando García-Guerra, Raquel García-Feregrino, Abby Madrigal-Ramírez, Tania Santiago-Angelino, Fabián Olvera-Flores, Lourdes Schnaas, Rafael Pérez-Escamilla and Edson Serván-Mori
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:126
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  22. We co-developed a multi-component virtual care solution (TtLIVE) for the home mechanical ventilation (HMV) population using the aTouchAway™ platform (Aetonix). The TtLIVE intervention includes (1) virtual home...

    Authors: Reshma Amin, Andrea Gershon, Francine Buchanan, Regina Pizzuti, Adam Qazi, Nishali Patel, Ruxandra Pinto, Myla E. Moretti, Munazzah Ambreen and Louise Rose
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:125
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  23. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is frequently associated with emotional dysregulation (ED). ED is characterized by excessive and inappropriate emotional reactions compared to social norms, unco...

    Authors: C. Vacher, L. Romo, M. Dereure, M. Soler, M. C. Picot and D. Purper-Ouakil
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:124
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  24. Authors: Elaine M. Pascoe, Steven J. Chadban, Magid A. Fahim, Carmel M. Hawley, David W. Johnson and Michael G. Collins
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:123
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in Trials 2022 23:52

  25. Abused and neglected children are at increased risk of health problems throughout life, but negative effects may be ameliorated by nurturing family care. It is not known whether it is better to place these chi...

    Authors: Karen Crawford, Bridie Fitzpatick, Lynn McMahon, Matt Forde, Susanne Miller, Alex McConnachie, Martina Messow, Marion Henderson, Emma McIntosh, Kathleen Boyd, Dennis Ougrin, Phil Wilson, Nicholas Watson and Helen Minnis
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:122
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  26. The purpose of this double-blind, randomised, controlled trial is to compare allergic outcomes in children following vaccination with acellular pertussis (aP) antigen (standard of care in Australia) given at 2...

    Authors: James A. Totterdell, Gladymar Perez Chacon, Marie J. Estcourt, Mark Jones, Peter Richmond, Thomas L. Snelling and Julie A. Marsh
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:121
    Content type: Update Published on:

  27. Alcohol use in resource-limited settings results in significant morbidity and mortality. These settings lack the necessary specialty-trained personnel and infrastructure. Therefore, implementing evidence-based...

    Authors: Catherine A. Staton, Siddhesh Zadey, Paige O’Leary, Ashley Phillips, Linda Minja, Monica H. Swahn, Jon Mark Hirshon, Judith Boshe, Francis Sakita, Joao Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci and Blandina T. Mmbaga
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:120
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  28. The prognosis of pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) with peritoneal metastasis remains dismal. Systemic chemotherapy alone may not be effective, and the combination of intraperitoneal chemotherapy with systemi...

    Authors: Tomohisa Yamamoto, Tsutomu Fujii, Satoshi Hirano, Fuyuhiko Motoi, Goro Honda, Kenichiro Uemura, Joji Kitayama, Michiaki Unno, Yasuhiro Kodera, Hiroki Yamaue, Toshio Shimokawa, Daisuke Hashimoto, So Yamaki, Hideyuki Yoshitomi, Fumihiko Miura, Hideki Ueno…
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:119
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  29. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been used in oncology contexts as a promising tool with numerous benefits for various health-related and psychosocial outcomes. Despite the increasing popularity of ...

    Authors: Diana R. Pereira, Eunice R. Silva, Carina Carvalho-Maia, Sara Monteiro-Reis, Catarina Lourenço, Rita Calisto, Ricardo João Teixeira, Linda E. Carlson, Genevieve Bart, Seppo J. Vainio, M. Goreti F. Sales, Carmen Jerónimo and Rui Henrique
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:118
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  30. Upper limb impairment affects activity and participation in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP). Pressure garment therapy (PGT) using compressive dynamic Lycra® garments is an innovative intervention pr...

    Authors: A. Gerard, M. Toussaint-Thorin, Y. Mohammad, G. Letellier, S. Fritot, S. Masson, A. Duhamel, C. Donskoff, Y. Zagame, L. Beghin and L. Gottrand
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:117
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  31. Antimicrobial resistance is both a global public health and patient safety problem driven by overprescribing of antibiotic and other antimicrobial drugs. To conserve the effectiveness of antibiotics for future...

    Authors: Wendy Thompson, Leanne Teoh, Céline Pulcini, David Williams, Carole Pitkeathley, Vanessa Carter, Susie Sanderson, Glauco Torres and Tanya Walsh
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:116
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  32. In cluster randomised controlled trials (cRCTs), groups of individuals (rather than individuals) are randomised to minimise the risk of contamination and/or efficiently use limited resources or solve logistic ...

    Authors: Bright C. Offorha, Stephen J. Walters and Richard M. Jacques
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:115
    Content type: Review Published on:

  33. The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused millions of deaths, and new treatments are urgently needed. Factors associated with a worse COVID-19 prognosis include old age (> 65 years), ethnicity,...

    Authors: Fabienne Jaun, Maria Boesing, Giorgia Lüthi-Corridori, Kristin Abig, Anja Makhdoomi, Nando Bloch, Christina Lins, Andrea Raess, Victoria Grillmayr, Philippe Haas, Philipp Schuetz, Luca Gabutti, Jürgen Muser, Anne B. Leuppi-Taegtmeyer, Stéphanie Giezendanner, Michael Brändle…
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:114
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  34. Less than 50% of stroke patients in Norway reach hospital within 4 h of symptom onset. Early prehospital identification of stroke and triage to the right level of care may result in more patients receiving acu...

    Authors: Helge Fagerheim Bugge, Mona Guterud, Kristi C. G. Bache, Anne-Cathrine Braarud, Erik Eriksen, Kjell Otto Fremstad, Hege Ihle-Hansen, Svein Håkon Ingebretsen, Jo Kramer-Johansen, Karianne Larsen, Jo Røislien, Kjetil Thorsen, Mathias Toft, Else Charlotte Sandset and Maren Ranhoff Hov
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:113
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  35. Cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction is a pathological process. We aimed to examine the effect of early short-term minocycline on the left ventricular function following ST-elevation myocardial i...

    Authors: Alireza Nasiri, Akbar Shafiee, Ali Hosseinsabet, Azita Hajhosein Talasaz, Arash Jalali and Mojtaba Salarifar
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:112
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. The kidney is probably the most crucial target of microvascular damage in diabetes, which can ultimately eventuate end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Hemodialysis is the most usual way of renal replacement therap...

    Authors: Alireza Rahmani, Vahid Maleki, Bahram Niknafs, Omid Mohammad Tavakoli-Rouzbehani and Ali Tarighat-Esfanjani
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:111
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  37. Males in Australia and many other countries account for three-quarters of all deaths by suicide. School-based programs to support young men’s wellbeing have become increasingly common in recent years and show ...

    Authors: Kylie King, Marisa Schlichthorst, Patty Chondros, Simon Rice, Anna Clark, Long Khanh-Dao Le, Cathrine Mihalopoulos and Jane Pirkis
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:110
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  38. Cigarette smoking among adults in the USA is a leading cause of preventable death worldwide, even though there has been a decline in prevalence since 2005. The addictive nature of nicotine is the chief reason ...

    Authors: Wave-Ananda Baskerville, Theodore C. Friedman, Brian Hurley, Susan Hsieh, Tasha Dixon, Norma Mtume, Martin L. Lee, Luz Rodriguez, Briana Lopez and Lara A. Ray
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:109
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  39. Impetigo is a common and contagious bacterial skin infection, affecting children worldwide, but it is particularly prevalent in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities. In New Zealand, widespread prescribi...

    Authors: Sarah Primhak, Alicia Gataua, Diana Purvis, John M. D. Thompson, Cameron Walker, Emma Best and Alison Leversha
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:108
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  40. Ankle instability limits physical activities and undermines a person’s quality of life. Tai Chi’s health benefits have been reported in different population groups. However, the effects of Tai Chi on neuromusc...

    Authors: Huiru Tang, Min Mao, Daniel T. P. Fong, Qipeng Song, Yan Chen, Zhipeng Zhou, Cui Zhang, Jiangna Wang, Xuewen Tian and Wei Sun
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:107
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  41. Morbidity and Mortality conference provides the necessary improvement measures for patient safety. However, they are an underused resource mainly because the conclusions to be drawn from the discussion and the...

    Authors: Nicolas Michel, Bernard Bui-Xuan, Lionel Bapteste, Thomas Rimmele, Marc Lilot, François Chollet, Hélène Favre, Antoine Duclos and Philippe Michel
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:106
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  42. Noninvasive respiratory support is frequently needed for patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Helmet noninvasive ventilation has multiple advantages over ...

    Authors: Yaseen Arabi, Sara Aldekhyl, Saad Al Qahtani, Hasan M. Al-Dorzi, Sheryl Ann Abdukahil, Jesna Jose, Mohammad Khulaif Al Harbi, Husain Al Haji, Mohammed Al Mutairi, Omar Al Zumai, Eman Al Qasim, Wedyan Al Wehaibi, Mohammed Alshahrani, Talal Albrahim, Ahmed Mady, Ali Al Bshabshe…
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:105
    Content type: Update Published on:

  43. Hyperlipidemia has become a common chronic disease worldwide in recent years. Studies have shown that hyperlipidemia patients, especially those with a high level of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (L...

    Authors: Yuanlong Sun, Na Hu, Gaofeng Chen, Yanjie Wang, Yiyang Hu, Maojun Ge and Yu Zhao
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:104
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  44. At present, there is short of effective treatment for acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF). The treatment of IPF with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has some advantages. However, th...

    Authors: Zhang Hailong, Li Jiansheng, Guo Wen, Wang Lu, Zhang Dong, Zhao Limin, Zhou Miao and Luo Weixian
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:103
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  45. Postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction (PGID) is a common complication arising from colorectal cancer surgery. Attributing factors, such as anesthesia, surgical retraction, and early intake of water, can i...

    Authors: Xueyan Liu, Zhijie Wang, Hao Yao, Yanrong Yang, Huijuan Cao, Zhanhao Toh, Ruwen Zheng and Yi Ren
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:100
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  46. Paediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) is a manifestation of severe, life-threatening lung injury necessitating mechanical ventilation with mortality rates ranging up to 40–50%. Neuromuscular b...

    Authors: Michelle W. Rudolph, Sjoerdtje Slager, Johannes G. M. Burgerhof, Job B.M. van Woensel, Jan-Willem C. Alffenaar, Roelie M. Wösten - van Asperen, Matthijs de Hoog, Marloes M. IJland and Martin C. J. Kneyber
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:96
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  47. Child mortality remains unacceptably high, with Northern Nigeria reporting some of the highest rates globally (e.g. 192/1000 live births in Jigawa State). Coverage of key protect and prevent interventions, suc...

    Authors: Carina King, Rochelle Ann Burgess, Ayobami A. Bakare, Funmilayo Shittu, Julius Salako, Damola Bakare, Obioma C. Uchendu, Agnese Iuliano, Adamu Isah, Osebi Adams, Ibrahim Haruna, Abdullahi Magama, Tahlil Ahmed, Samy Ahmar, Christine Cassar, Paula Valentine…
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:95
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  48. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated inflammatory response.

    Authors: Qi Fan, Yixuan Feng, Yan Hou, Feihu Wu, Wei Zhang, Wenbin Nie, Bin Li, Zhongyu Zhou, Wenbin Fu, Lei Shi, Zhongren Sun and Hong Zhao
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:94
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  49. Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide. African American adults, compared to White adults, are half as likely to be screened for depression in primary care settings. Disparities in depression sc...

    Authors: Sidney H. Hankerson, Rachel Shelton, Myrna Weissman, Kenneth B. Wells, Jeanne Teresi, Janhavi Mallaiah, Amita Joshua and Olajide Williams
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:93
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  50. The SARS-CoV-2 enters into the human body mainly through the nasal epithelial cells. Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection at the point of nasal entry is a novel strategy that has the potential to help contain th...

    Authors: Anneli Uusküla, Aime Keis, Karolin Toompere, Anu Planken and Konstantin Rebrov
    Citation: Trials 2022 23:92
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:
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