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  1. Controlling hypertension rates and maintaining normal blood pressure, particularly in resource-constrained settings, represent ongoing challenges of effective and affordable implementation in health care. One ...

    Authors: Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Francisco Diez-Canseco, Robert H Gilman, María K Cárdenas, Katherine A Sacksteder and J Jaime Miranda
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:93
  2. Pulmonary coagulopathy is a hallmark of lung injury following inhalation trauma. Locally applied heparin attenuates lung injury in animal models of smoke inhalation. Whether local treatment with heparin benefi...

    Authors: Gerie J Glas, Johannes Muller, Jan M Binnekade, Berry Cleffken, Kirsten Colpaert, Barry Dixon, Nicole P Juffermans, Paul Knape, Marcel M Levi, Bert G Loef, David P Mackie, Manu Malbrain, Marcus J Schultz and Koenraad F van der Sluijs
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:91
  3. Dental anxiety and anxiety-related avoidance of dental care create significant problems for patients and the dental profession. Distraction interventions are used in daily medical practice to help patients cop...

    Authors: Karin Tanja-Dijkstra, Sabine Pahl, Mathew P White, Jackie Andrade, Jon May, Robert J Stone, Malcolm Bruce, Ian Mills, Melissa Auvray, Rhys Gabe and David R Moles
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:90
  4. Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common health problem currently without any optimal treatments. Acupuncture has been traditionally sought as a treatment for FD. The aim of this study is to investigate whether a...

    Authors: Gajin Han, Seok-Jae Ko, Jae-Woo Park, Jinsung Kim, Inkwon Yeo, Hyejung Lee, Song-Yi Kim and Hyangsook Lee
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:89
  5. It is well established in studies across several countries that tobacco smoking is more prevalent among schizophrenic patients than the general population. Electronic cigarettes are becoming increasingly popul...

    Authors: Pasquale Caponnetto, Riccardo Polosa, Roberta Auditore, Giuseppe Minutolo, Maria Signorelli, Marilena Maglia, Angela Alamo, Filippo Palermo and Eugenio Aguglia
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:88
  6. In the ‘Tailored Implementation for Chronic Diseases (TICD)’ project, five tailored implementation programs to improve healthcare delivery in different chronic conditions have been developed. These programs wi...

    Authors: Cornelia Jäger, Tobias Freund, Jost Steinhäuser, Eivind Aakhus, Signe Flottorp, Maciek Godycki-Cwirko, Jan van Lieshout, Jane Krause, Joachim Szecsenyi and Michel Wensing
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:87
  7. Genetic counseling for hereditary breast or colon cancer has implications for both counselees and their relatives. Although counselees are encouraged by genetic counselors to disclose genetic cancer risk infor...

    Authors: Eveline de Geus, Cora M Aalfs, Mathilde GE Verdam, Hanneke CJM de Haes and Ellen MA Smets
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:86
  8. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is already being used in certain clinical and research settings, but its impact on patient well-being, health-care utilization, and clinical decision-making remains largely unstud...

    Authors: Jason L Vassy, Denise M Lautenbach, Heather M McLaughlin, Sek Won Kong, Kurt D Christensen, Joel Krier, Isaac S Kohane, Lindsay Z Feuerman, Jennifer Blumenthal-Barby, J Scott Roberts, Lisa Soleymani Lehmann, Carolyn Y Ho, Peter A Ubel, Calum A MacRae, Christine E Seidman, Michael F Murray…
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:85
  9. The practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a profound history in many Asian countries. TCM syndrome is a set of characteristic physical signs and symptoms shared by a group of patients. Syndrome di...

    Authors: Hongbo Cao, Jingbo Zhai, Wei Mu, Xiang Lei, Hongxia Cao, Chunxiang Liu and Hongcai Shang
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:84
  10. Depression is estimated to become the leading cause of disease burden globally by 2030. Despite existing efficacious treatments (both medical and psychotherapeutic), a large proportion of patients do not respo...

    Authors: Cezar Giosan, Oana Cobeanu, Cristina Mogoase, Vlad Muresan, Loretta S Malta, Katarzyna Wyka and Aurora Szentagotai
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:83
  11. In the UK around 22% of men and 24% of women are obese, and there are varying but worrying levels in other European countries. Obesity is a chronic condition that carries an important health risk. National gui...

    Authors: Jane Krause, Shona Agarwal, Danielle H Bodicoat, Arne Ring, David Shepherd, Stephen Rogers, Michel Wensing and Richard Baker
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:82
  12. Previous efforts such as Assessing Care of Vulnerable Elders (ACOVE) provide quality indicators for assessing the care of elderly patients, but thus far little has been done to leverage this knowledge to impro...

    Authors: Saeid Eslami, Marjan Askari, Stephanie Medlock, Derk L Arts, Jeremy C Wyatt, Henk CPM van Weert, Sophia E de Rooij and Ameen Abu-Hanna
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:81
  13. Well-designed randomised clinical trials (RCTs) provide the best evidence to inform decision-making and should be the default option for evaluating surgical procedures. Such trials can be challenging, and surg...

    Authors: Shelley Potter, Nicola Mills, Simon J Cawthorn, Jenny Donovan and Jane M Blazeby
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:80
  14. Osteoarthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (hallux rigidus) leads to pain and poor function and mobility. Arthrodesis is the gold standard treatment for end-stage disease. Total joint arthroplasties...

    Authors: Hiren Maganlal Divecha, Aamir I Zubairy, James L Barrie, Shivashanker Aithal, Benjamin Fischer, Thomas Fanshawe and Asim Rajpura
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:79
  15. Systematic use of observational pain tools has been advocated as a means to improve pain management for care home residents with dementia. Pain experts suggest that any observational tool should be used as par...

    Authors: Justina Yat Wa Liu and Claudia Lai
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:78
  16. Anxiety in children is common and incapacitating and increases the risk of mental health disorders in adulthood. Although effective interventions are available, few children are identified and referred for spe...

    Authors: Paul Stallard, Gordon Taylor, Rob Anderson, Harry Daniels, Neil Simpson, Rhiannon Phillips and Elena Skryabina
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:77
  17. Bone graft substitutes are widely used for reconstruction of posttraumatic bone defects. However, their clinical significance in comparison to autologous bone grafting, the gold-standard in reconstruction of l...

    Authors: Thomas Nusselt, Alexander Hofmann, Daniel Wachtlin, Stanislav Gorbulev and Pol Maria Rommens
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:75
  18. The possibility of living well with a long-term condition has been identified as centrally relevant to the needs of people living with dementia. Growing numbers of people with early-stage dementia are contribu...

    Authors: Catherine Quinn, Daniel Anderson, Gill Toms, Rhiannon Whitaker, Rhiannon Tudor Edwards, Carys Jones and Linda Clare
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:74
  19. Stress, depression, and anxiety affect 15 to 25% of pregnant women. However, fewer than 20% of prenatal care providers assess and treat mental health problems and fewer than 20% of pregnant women seek mental h...

    Authors: Dawn Kingston, Marie-Paule Austin, Kathy Hegadoren, Sheila McDonald, Gerri Lasiuk, Sarah McDonald, Maureen Heaman, Anne Biringer, Wendy Sword, Rebecca Giallo, Tejal Patel, Marie Lane-Smith and Sander Veldhuyzen van Zanten
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:72
  20. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a secondary prevention program that offers education and support to assist patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) make lifestyle changes. Despite the benefits of CR, attendan...

    Authors: Leila Pfaeffli Dale, Robyn Whittaker, Yannan Jiang, Ralph Stewart, Anna Rolleston and Ralph Maddison
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:71
  21. Untreated behavioral and mental health problems beginning in early childhood are costly problems affecting the long-term health and wellbeing of children, their families, and society. Although parent training ...

    Authors: Deborah A Gross, Harolyn ME Belcher, Mirian E Ofonedu, Susan Breitenstein, Kevin D Frick and Chakra Budhathoki
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:70
  22. Recent studies involving phototherapy applied prior to exercise have demonstrated positive results regarding the attenuation of muscle fatigue and the expression of biochemical markers associated with recovery...

    Authors: Adriano Rodrigues de Oliveira, Adriane Aver Vanin, Thiago De Marchi, Fernanda Colella Antonialli, Vanessa dos Santos Grandinetti, Paulo Roberto Vicente de Paiva, Gianna Móes Albuquerque Pontes, Larissa Aline Santos, Ivo de Oliveira Aleixo Junior, Paulo de Tarso Camillo de Carvalho, Jan Magnus Bjordal and Ernesto Cesar Pinto Leal-Junior
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:69
  23. Many candidate vaccine strategies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are under study, but their clinical development is lengthy and iterative. To accelerate HIV vaccine development optimised ...

    Authors: Laura Richert, Adélaïde Doussau, Jean-Daniel Lelièvre, Vincent Arnold, Véronique Rieux, Amel Bouakane, Yves Lévy, Geneviève Chêne and Rodolphe Thiébaut
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:68
  24. Chronic low back pain causes substantial morbidity and cost to society while disproportionately impacting low-income and minority adults. Several randomized controlled trials show yoga is an effective treatmen...

    Authors: Robert B Saper, Karen J Sherman, Anthony Delitto, Patricia M Herman, Joel Stevans, Ruth Paris, Julia E Keosaian, Christian J Cerrada, Chelsey M Lemaster, Carol Faulkner, Maya Breuer and Janice Weinberg
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:67
  25. Antisocial behaviour and adult criminality often have their origins in childhood and are best addressed early in the child’s life using evidence-based treatments such as the ‘Incredible Years Parent Programme’...

    Authors: Dianne G Lees, David M Fergusson, Christopher M Frampton and Sally N Merry
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:66
  26. Community engagement (CE) is increasingly promoted for biomedical research conducted in resource poor settings for both intrinsic and instrumental purposes. Given the potential importance of CE, but also compl...

    Authors: Vibian Angwenyi, Dorcas Kamuya, Dorothy Mwachiro, Betty Kalama, Vicki Marsh, Patricia Njuguna and Sassy Molyneux
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:65
  27. Couples-based HIV counseling and testing (CHCT) is a proven strategy to reduce the risk of HIV transmission between partners, but uptake of CHCT is low. We describe the study design of a randomized controlled ...

    Authors: Lynae A Darbes, Heidi van Rooyen, Victoria Hosegood, Thulani Ngubane, Mallory O Johnson, Katherine Fritz and Nuala McGrath
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:64
  28. The effectiveness and durability of endovascular revascularization therapies for chronic critical limb ischemia (CLI) are challenged by the extensive burden of infrapopliteal arterial disease and lesion-relate...

    Authors: Thomas Zeller, Iris Baumgartner, Dierk Scheinert, Marianne Brodmann, Marc Bosiers, Antonio Micari, Patrick Peeters, Frank Vermassen and Mario Landini
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:63
  29. Informed consent is regarded as a cornerstone of ethical healthcare research and is a requirement for most clinical research studies. Guidelines suggest that prospective randomised controlled trial (RCT) parti...

    Authors: Katie Gillies, Wan Huang, Zoë Skea, Jamie Brehaut and Seonaidh Cotton
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:62
  30. Drooling saliva is a common problem in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. The negative consequences of drooling include skin breakdown, dehydration, and damage to clothing and equipment. Children and ...

    Authors: Jeremy R Parr, Emma Weldon, Lindsay Pennington, Nick Steen, Jane Williams, Charlie Fairhurst, Anne O’Hare, Raj Lodh and Allan Colver
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:60
  31. The Coping with Persistent Pain, Effectiveness Research into Self-management (COPERS) trial assessed whether a group-based self-management course is effective in reducing pain-related disability in participant...

    Authors: Brennan C Kahan, Karla Diaz-Ordaz, Kate Homer, Dawn Carnes, Martin Underwood, Stephanie JC Taylor, Stephen A Bremner and Sandra Eldridge
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:59
  32. Effective interventions to reduce HIV incidence in sub-Saharan Africa are urgently needed. Mathematical modelling and the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 052 trial results suggest that universal HIV testi...

    Authors: Richard Hayes, Helen Ayles, Nulda Beyers, Kalpana Sabapathy, Sian Floyd, Kwame Shanaube, Peter Bock, Sam Griffith, Ayana Moore, Deborah Watson-Jones, Christophe Fraser, Sten H Vermund and Sarah Fidler
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:57
  33. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) delivered through the Internet is effective as a treatment in reducing insomnia in individuals seeking help for insomnia. CBT-I also lowers levels of depression...

    Authors: John A Gosling, Nick Glozier, Kathleen Griffiths, Lee Ritterband, Frances Thorndike, Andrew Mackinnon, Kanupriya Kalia Hehir, Anthony Bennett, Kylie Bennett and Helen Christensen
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:56
  34. In adult patients who are critically ill and mechanically ventilated, daily interruption of sedation (DSI) is an effective method of improving sedation management, resulting in a decrease of the duration of me...

    Authors: Nienke J Vet, Saskia N de Wildt, Carin WM Verlaat, Catherijne AJ Knibbe, Miriam G Mooij, Wim CJ Hop, Joost van Rosmalen, Dick Tibboel and Matthijs de Hoog
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:55
  35. In 2006 there were 432,700 people in Australia who had acquired brain injury (ABI) with some limitation of activities; 90% of these were traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and nearly a third sustained injury belo...

    Authors: Catherine J Nikles, Lynne McKinlay, Geoffrey K Mitchell, Sue-Ann S Carmont, Hugh E Senior, Mary-Clare A Waugh, Adrienne Epps, Philip J Schluter and Owen T Lloyd
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:54
  36. The prevalence of severe and complex obesity is increasing worldwide and surgery may offer an effective and lasting treatment. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric band and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery are the ...

    Authors: Chris A Rogers, Richard Welbourn, James Byrne, Jenny L Donovan, Barnaby C Reeves, Sarah Wordsworth, Robert Andrews, Janice L Thompson, Paul Roderick, David Mahon, Hamish Noble, Jamie Kelly, Graziella Mazza, Katie Pike, Sangeetha Paramasivan, Natalie Blencowe…
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:53
  37. Providing e-learning modules can be an effective strategy for enhancing gatekeepers’ knowledge, self-confidence and skills in adolescent suicide prevention. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness ...

    Authors: Rezvan Ghoncheh, Ad JFM Kerkhof and Hans M Koot
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:52
  38. Hand-held NB-UVB units are lightweight devices that may overcome the need to treat vitiligo in hospital-based phototherapy cabinets, allowing early treatment at home that may enhance the likelihood of successf...

    Authors: Viktoria Eleftheriadou, Kim Thomas, Jane Ravenscroft, Maxine Whitton, Jonathan Batchelor and Hywel Williams
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:51
  39. Chronic stable angina pectoris (CSAP) is a common cardiovascular condition that endangers a patient’s life quality and longevity. As demonstrated in several clinical trials, acupuncture is attested to be effec...

    Authors: Dehua Li, Mingxiao Yang, Ling Zhao, Hui Zheng, Ying Li, Xiaorong Chang, Jin Cui, Ruihui Wang, Jing Shi, Junling Lv, Junyan Leng, Juan Li and Fanrong Liang
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:50
  40. Synthesis of patient-reported outcome (PRO) data is hindered by the range of available PRO measures (PROMs) composed of multiple scales and single items with differing terminology and content. The use of core ...

    Authors: Rhiannon C Macefield, Marc Jacobs, Ida J Korfage, Joanna Nicklin, Robert N Whistance, Sara T Brookes, Mirjam AG Sprangers and Jane M Blazeby
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:49
  41. Cluster randomized trials (CRTs) present unique ethical challenges. In the absence of a uniform standard for their ethical design and conduct, problems such as variability in procedures and requirements by dif...

    Authors: Monica Taljaard, Jamie C Brehaut, Charles Weijer, Robert Boruch, Allan Donner, Martin P Eccles, Andrew D McRae, Raphael Saginur, Merrick Zwarenstein and Jeremy M Grimshaw
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:48
  42. Delirium (or acute confusion) is a serious illness common in older people, in which a person’s thinking and perceptions may be affected. Reducing delirium is important because of the considerable distress it c...

    Authors: Anne Heaven, Francine Cheater, Andrew Clegg, Michelle Collinson, Amanda Farrin, Anne Forster, Mary Godfrey, Liz Graham, Anne Grice, Rachel Holt, Claire Hulme, Ernie Lloyd, David Meads, Chris North, John Young and Najma Siddiqi
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:47
  43. Physical activity (PA) and nutrition are the cornerstones of diabetes management. Several reviews and meta-analyses report that PA independently produces clinically important improvements in glucose control in...

    Authors: Leah Avery, Falko F Sniehotta, Sarah J Denton, Nick Steen, Elaine McColl, Roy Taylor and Michael I Trenell
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:46
  44. Given the rising number of strokes worldwide, and the large number of individuals left with disabilities after stroke, novel strategies to reduce disability, increase functions in the motor and the cognitive d...

    Authors: Agnes Flöel, Cordula Werner, Ulrike Grittner, Stefan Hesse, Michael Jöbges, Janet Knauss, Michael Seifert, Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen, Mehmet Gövercin, Christian Dohle, Wolfgang Fischer, Regina Schlieder, Alexander Heinrich Nave, Andreas Meisel, Martin Ebinger and Ian Wellwood
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:45
  45. Approximately 20% of patients are not satisfied with the outcome of total knee replacement, great volumes of which are carried out yearly. Physiotherapy is often provided by the NHS to address dysfunction foll...

    Authors: A Hamish RW Simpson, David F Hamilton, David J Beard, Karen L Barker, Timothy Wilton, James D Hutchison, Chris Tuck, Andrew Stoddard, Gary J Macfarlane and Gordon D Murray
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:44

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