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  1. Sleep is an essential component of good physical and mental health. Previous studies have reported that poor quality sleep is associated with an increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Hyper...

    Authors: Emer R McGrath, Colin A Espie, Andrew W Murphy, John Newell, Alice Power, Sarah Madden, Molly Byrne and Martin J O’Donnell
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:393
  2. The anterolateral approach is a commonly used technique for total hip replacement. It requires the detachment of a large part of the gluteus medius muscle. However, it is known that this muscle has a great imp...

    Authors: Claudia Hendrickx, Willem De Hertogh, Ulrike Van Daele, Peter Mertens and Gaetane Stassijns
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:392
  3. Smoking-related cues can trigger drug-seeking behaviors, and computer-based interventions that reduce cognitive biases towards such cues may be efficacious and cost-effective cessation aids. In order to optimi...

    Authors: Angela S Attwood, Tim Williams, Sally Adams, Francis J McClernon and Marcus R Munafò
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:391
  4. Approximately 30% of HIV-1-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy who achieve virologic control have unsatisfactory immune reconstitution, with CD4+ T-cell counts persistently below 350 cells/μL. T...

    Authors: Bertrand Lebouché, Mohammad-Ali Jenabian, Joel Singer, Gina M Graziani, Kim Engler, Benoit Trottier, Réjean Thomas, Marie-Josée Brouillette and Jean-Pierre Routy
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:390
  5. Edgewise fixed orthodontic appliances are available in two different bracket slot sizes (0.018 and 0.022 inch). Both systems are used by clinicians worldwide with some orthodontists claiming the superiority an...

    Authors: Ahmed MF El-Angbawi, David R Bearn and Grant T McIntyre
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:389
  6. Heart disease progression occurs in 30% of patients with chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Supplementation with selenium (Se) in animal model of T. cruzi infection produced promising results. There is evidence...

    Authors: Pedro Emmanuel Alvarenga Americano do Brasil, Andréa Pereira de Souza, Alejandro Marcel Hasslocher-Moreno, Sérgio Salles Xavier, Sonia Regina Lambert Passos, Maria de Fátima Ramos Moreira, Marília Santini de Oliveira, Gilberto Marcelo Sperandio da Silva, Roberto Magalhães Saraiva, Claudia Santos de Aguiar Cardoso, Andréa Silvestre de Sousa, Mauro Felippe Felix Mediano, Maria da Gloria Bonecini de Almeida, Otacílio da Cruz Moreira, Constança Britto and Tania Cremonini de Araújo-Jorge
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:388

    The Update to this article has been published in Trials 2018 19:507

  7. It is well documented that heightened levels of parenting stress have a negative influence on children’s socio-emotional and behavioral development. Parenting stress may therefore be regarded as an outcome var...

    Authors: Inger Pauline Landsem, Bjørn Helge Handegård, Jorunn Tunby, Stein Erik Ulvund and John A Rønning
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:387
  8. The only subgroups of patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation in which the efficacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy has been scientifically proven are patients with indications for right ventr...

    Authors: Jan Ciszewski, Aleksander Maciag, Ilona Kowalik, Pawel Syska, Michal Lewandowski, Michal M Farkowski, Anna Borowiec, Tomasz Chwyczko, Mariusz Pytkowski, Hanna Szwed and Maciej Sterlinski
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:386
  9. At least 13% of mothers experience depression in the first postnatal year, with accompanying feelings of despair and a range of debilitating symptoms. Serious sequelae include disturbances in the mother-infant...

    Authors: Jeannette Milgrom and Charlene Holt
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:385
  10. A number of research funders, biomedical journals, pharmaceutical companies, and regulatory agencies have adopted policies advocating or mandating that clinical trialists share data with external investigators...

    Authors: Vinay K Rathi, Kelly M Strait, Cary P Gross, Iain Hrynaszkiewicz, Steven Joffe, Harlan M Krumholz, Kristina Dzara and Joseph S Ross
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:384
  11. Since the first methodological publications on adaptive study design approaches in the 1990s, the application of these approaches in drug development has raised increasing interest among academia, industry and...

    Authors: Amelie Elsäßer, Jan Regnstrom, Thorsten Vetter, Franz Koenig, Robert James Hemmings, Martina Greco, Marisa Papaluca-Amati and Martin Posch
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:383
  12. Infections occur in 30% of stroke patients and are associated with unfavorable outcomes. Preventive antibiotic therapy lowers the infection rate after stroke, but the effect of preventive antibiotic treatment ...

    Authors: Willeke F Westendorp, Jan-Dirk Vermeij, Diederik W J Dippel, Marcel G W Dijkgraaf, Tom van der Poll, Jan M Prins, Frederique H Vermeij, Yvo B W E M Roos, Matthijs C Brouwer, Aeilko H Zwinderman, Diederik van de Beek and Paul J Nederkoorn
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:382
  13. Systematic reviews suggest that interventions that address school organisation are effective in reducing victimisation and bullying. We successfully piloted a school environment intervention modified from inte...

    Authors: Chris Bonell, Elizabeth Allen, Deborah Christie, Diana Elbourne, Adam Fletcher, Richard Grieve, Rosa LeGood, Anne Mathiot, Stephen Scott, Meg Wiggins and Russell M Viner
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:381
  14. Benefits of art participation after stroke are becoming increasingly recognized. Qualitative studies suggest that participation in visual arts creative engagement interventions (CEIs) during rehabilitation aft...

    Authors: Jacqui H Morris, Chris Kelly, Madalina Toma, Thilo Kroll, Sara Joice, Gillian Mead, Peter Donnan and Brian Williams
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:380
  15. Improved survival rates in early breast cancer and the chronic nature of disease relapse result in a large cohort of patients being available for long-term follow-up (LTFUP) in randomised controlled trials. Wh...

    Authors: Lucy S Kilburn, Jane Banerji and Judith M Bliss
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:379
  16. Adhesions develop in over 90% of patients after intra-abdominal surgery. Adhesion barriers are rarely used despite the high morbidity caused by intra-abdominal adhesions. Only one of the currently available ad...

    Authors: Martijn WJ Stommel, Chema Strik, Richard PG ten Broek and Harry van Goor
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:378
  17. Clustering of outcomes at centers involved in multicenter trials is a type of center effect. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials Statement recommends that multicenter randomized controlled trials (R...

    Authors: Angela Reitsma, Rong Chu, Julia Thorpe, Sarah McDonald, Lehana Thabane and Eileen Hutton
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:377
  18. Advanced cancer patients experience considerable symptoms, problems, and needs. Early referral of these patients to specialized palliative care (SPC) could offer improvements. The Danish Palliative Care Trial ...

    Authors: Anna Thit Johnsen, Morten Aagaard Petersen, Christian Gluud, Jane Lindschou, Peter Fayers, Per Sjøgren, Lise Pedersen, Mette Asbjoern Neergaard, Tove Bahn Vejlgaard, Anette Damkier, Jan Bjoern Nielsen, Annette S Strömgren, Irene J Higginson and Mogens Groenvold
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:376
  19. It is often difficult to enrol healthy volunteers into a randomized controlled trial (RCT) as there are barriers to participants’ proper understanding of a trial. This study aimed to evaluate degrees of unders...

    Authors: Yoko Narikawa Shiono, Ying-Fang Zheng, Masahiro Kikuya, Masaaki Kawai, Takanori Ishida, Shinichi Kuriyama and Noriaki Ohuchi
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:375
  20. Nonadherence to treatment leads to suboptimal treatment outcomes and enormous costs to the economy. This is especially important in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The progressive nature of the degenerative process,...

    Authors: Rashmi Lakshminarayana, Duolao Wang, David Burn, K Ray Chaudhuri, Gemma Cummins, Clare Galtrey, Bruce Hellman, Suvankar Pal, Jon Stamford, Malcolm Steiger and Adrian Williams
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:374
  21. Vitamin D receptors have been identified in the spinal cord, nerve roots, dorsal root ganglia and glial cells, and its genetic polymorphism association with the development of lumbar disc degeneration and hern...

    Authors: Mahsa Sedighi and Ali Haghnegahdar
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:373
  22. Acute respiratory failure (ARF) remains the leading reason for intensive care unit (ICU) admission of immunocompromised patients. In the most severe cases, high-flow oxygen therapy may fail to ensure adequate ...

    Authors: Virginie Lemiale, Matthieu Resche-Rigon and Elie Azoulay
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:372
  23. Microvascular obstruction (MVO) secondary to ischaemic-reperfusion injury is an important but underappreciated determinant of short- and longer-term outcome following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) t...

    Authors: Sheraz A Nazir, Jamal N Khan, Islam Z Mahmoud, John P Greenwood, Daniel J Blackman, Vijay Kunadian, Martin Been, Keith R Abrams, Robert Wilcox, AA Jennifer Adgey, Gerry P McCann and Anthony H Gershlick
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:371
  24. Malnutrition is a common complication in patients at the palliative stage of cancer. During the curative phase of cancer, optimal enteral or parenteral nutrition intake can reduce morbidity and mortality, and ...

    Authors: Lionel Pazart, Elodie Cretin, Ghislain Grodard, Cecile Cornet, Florence Mathieu-Nicot, Franck Bonnetain, Mariette Mercier, Patrice Cuynet, Carole Bouleuc and Regis Aubry
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:370
  25. Many older adults are both highly sedentary (that is, spend considerable amounts of time sitting) and physically inactive (that is, do little physical activity). This protocol describes an exploratory trial of...

    Authors: Benjamin Gardner, Ingela Thuné-Boyle, Steve Iliffe, Kenneth R Fox, Barbara J Jefferis, Mark Hamer, Nick Tyler and Jane Wardle
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:368
  26. Malignant pleural mesothelioma is an incurable cancer caused by exposure to asbestos. The United Kingdom has the highest death rate from mesothelioma in the world and this figure is increasing. Median survival...

    Authors: Samal Gunatilake, Fraser JH Brims, Carole Fogg, Iain Lawrie, Nick Maskell, Karen Forbes, Najib Rahman, Steve Morris, Reuben Ogollah, Stephen Gerry, Mick Peake, Liz Darlison and Anoop J Chauhan
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:367
  27. Women with depression in pregnancy are faced with difficult treatment decisions. Untreated, antenatal depression has serious negative implications for mothers and children. While antidepressant drug treatment ...

    Authors: Simone Vigod, Cindy-Lee Dennis, Zafiris Daskalakis, Kellie Murphy, Joel Ray, Tim Oberlander, Sarah Somerton, Neesha Hussain-Shamsy and Daniel Blumberger
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:366
  28. Management of acute sore throat poses a significant burden on UK general practices, with almost 10% of registered patients attending their GP with sore throat every year. Nearly half of all patients presenting...

    Authors: Johanna Cook, Gail Hayward, Matthew Thompson, Alastair D Hay, Michael Moore, Paul Little, Kim Harman, Jane Wolstenholme, Rafael Perera, Merryn Voysey, Julie Allen, Maria Breen and Carl Heneghan
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:365
  29. Ageing populations may demand more blood transfusions, but the blood supply could be limited by difficulties in attracting and retaining a decreasing pool of younger donors. One approach to increase blood supp...

    Authors: Carmel Moore, Jennifer Sambrook, Matthew Walker, Zoe Tolkien, Stephen Kaptoge, David Allen, Susan Mehenny, Jonathan Mant, Emanuele Di Angelantonio, Simon G Thompson, Willem Ouwehand, David J Roberts and John Danesh
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:363
  30. Reporting the scoring details of continuous outcome measures in randomized trials allows readers to interpret the size of any effect of the intervention. This study aimed to determine, in a sample of randomize...

    Authors: Tammy C Hoffmann, Sarah T Thomas, Paul Ng Hung Shin and Paul P Glasziou
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:362
  31. Oral feedback from clinical educators is the traditional teaching method for improving clinical consultation skills in medical students. New approaches are needed to enhance this teaching model. Multisource fe...

    Authors: Michelle Mei Yee Lai, Noel Roberts and Jenepher Martin
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:361
  32. Early goal-directed therapy refers to the use of predefined hemodynamic goals to optimize tissue oxygen delivery in critically ill patients. Its application in high-risk abdominal surgery is, however, hindered...

    Authors: Leonard Montenij, Eric de Waal, Michael Frank, Paul van Beest, Ardine de Wit, Cas Kruitwagen, Wolfgang Buhre and Thomas Scheeren
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:360
  33. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV remains an important public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. As HIV testing and linkage to PMTCT occurs in antenatal care (ANC), major challenges for any PMTCT option i...

    Authors: David Sando, Pascal Geldsetzer, Lucy Magesa, Irene Andrew Lema, Lameck Machumi, Mary Mwanyika-Sando, Nan Li, Donna Spiegelman, Ester Mungure, Hellen Siril, Phares Mujinja, Helga Naburi, Guerino Chalamilla, Charles Kilewo, Anna Mia Ekström, Wafaie W Fawzi…
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:359
  34. Edentulism and sleep disturbance are chronic conditions that are common in older people and have serious adverse consequences for their functioning and quality of life. Edentulism can disturb sleep through the...

    Authors: Elham Emami, Phan The Huy Nguyen, Fernanda R Almeida, Jocelyne S Feine, Igor Karp, Gilles Lavigne and Nelly Huynh
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:358
  35. Functional abdominal pain (FAP) is not only a highly prevalent disease but also poses a considerable burden on children and their families. Untreated, FAP is highly persistent until adulthood, also leading to ...

    Authors: Petra Warschburger, Claudia Calvano, Sebastian Becker, Michael Friedt, Christian Hudert, Carsten Posovszky, Maike Schier and Karl Wegscheider
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:357
  36. Combat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) involves significant suffering, impairments in social and occupational functioning, substance use and medical comorbidity, and increased mortality from suicide and ...

    Authors: Ralph J Koek, Jean-Philippe Langevin, Scott E Krahl, Hovsep J Kosoyan, Holly N Schwartz, James WY Chen, Rebecca Melrose, Mark J Mandelkern and David Sultzer
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:356
  37. There have been few randomized control trials comparing the incidence of stent fracture and primary patency among different self-expanding nitinol stents to date. The SMARTâ„¢ CONTROL stent (Cordis Corp, Miami L...

    Authors: Sang Ho Park, Seung Woon Rha, Cheol Ung Choi, Eung Ju Kim, Dong Joo Oh, Yun Hyeong Cho, Woong Gil Choi, Seung Jin Lee, Yong Hoon Kim, Seung Hyuk Choi, Won Ho Kim, Ki Chang Kim, Jang Hyun Cho, Joo Han Kim, Sang Min Kim, Jang Ho Bae…
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:355
  38. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the foundation of treatment for men with metastatic prostate cancer and is now frequently incorporated into multimodality strategies for the curative treatment of locally ...

    Authors: Brian C Focht, Alexander R Lucas, Elizabeth Grainger, Christina Simpson, Jennifer M Thomas-Ahner and Steven K Clinton
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:354
  39. In contrast to drug-sensitive tuberculosis, the guidelines for the treatment of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) have a very poor evidence base; current recommendations, based on expert opinion, are ...

    Authors: Andrew J Nunn, ID Rusen, Armand Van Deun, Gabriela Torrea, Patrick PJ Phillips, Chen-Yuan Chiang, S Bertel Squire, Jason Madan and Sarah K Meredith
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:353

    The Update to this article has been published in Trials 2022 23:474

  40. The incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI) globally is known to be around 2 to 3% and can prolong hospitalization, increased morbidity and mortality. Little is known about the pathophysiology a...

    Authors: Nima Rudd, Ivan Subiakto, Muhammad Asrar ul Haq, Vivek Mutha and William J Van Gaal
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:352
  41. Depression is not a normal side effect of aging, however it is one of the most prevalent mental health issues in later life, imposing a tremendous burden on patients, their families, and the healthcare system....

    Authors: Iris Wernher, Frederike Bjerregaard, Iris Tinsel, Christiane Bleich, Sigrid Boczor, Thomas Kloppe, Martin Scherer, Martin Härter, Wilhelm Niebling, Hans-Helmut König and Michael Hüll
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:351
  42. In recent years, virtual reality has been introduced to neurorehabilitation, in particular with the intention of improving upper-limb training options and facilitating motor function recovery.

    Authors: Corina Schuster-Amft, Kynan Eng, Isabelle Lehmann, Ludwig Schmid, Nagisa Kobashi, Irène Thaler, Martin L Verra, Andrea Henneke, Sandra Signer, Michael McCaskey and Daniel Kiper
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:350
  43. Invasive treatment (coronary angiography and intervention if feasible) of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has been shown to lead to better outcomes than medical therapy alone, but the elderly have ...

    Authors: Berglind Libungan, Geir Hirlekar and Per Albertsson
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:349
  44. Cold hands sensation is a common disorder within the Korean population. Many Korean family physicians believe that it is a mild early manifestation of Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP), or may be related to RP. RP is ...

    Authors: Jung-Chul Seo, Hyun-jong Lee, Min-Ah Kwak, Sung-Hoon Park, ImHee Shin, Woo-Sung Yun and Kihyuk Park
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:348
  45. Although half of all patients with heart failure (HF) have a normal or near-normal ejection fraction and their prognosis differs little from that of patients with a reduced ejection fraction, the pathophysiolo...

    Authors: Karina SM d’Almeida, Eneida R Rabelo-Silva, Gabriela C Souza, Melina M Trojahn, Sofia LS Barilli, Jessica V Mansson, Andreia Biolo, Luis EP Rohde, Nadine Clausell and Luís Beck-da-Silva
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:347
  46. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is an inherited neurodevelopmental condition characterised by behavioural, learning disabilities, phisical and neurological symptoms. In addition, an important degree of comorbidity wi...

    Authors: Yolanda de Diego-Otero, Rocio Calvo-Medina, Carolina Quintero-Navarro, Lourdes Sánchez-Salido, Francisco García-Guirado, Ignacio del Arco-Herrera, Isabel Fernández-Carvajal, Teresa Ferrando-Lucas, Rafaela Caballero-Andaluz and Lucia Pérez-Costillas
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:345
  47. Although glucocorticoids are widely used in the treatment of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis, the best dosage of glucocorticoids with regards to efficacy and safety is not known.

    Authors: Ulrike S Trampisch, Dietmar Krause, Hans J Trampisch, Renate Klaassen-Mielke, Xenofon Baraliakos and Jürgen Braun
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:344

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