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  1. Halitosis is a common problem that affects a large portion of the population worldwide. The origin of this condition is oral in 90% and systemic in 10% of cases. The unpleasant odor is mainly the result of vol...

    Authors: Rubia Garcia Lopes, Camila Haddad Leal de Godoy, Alessandro Melo Deana, Maria Eugenia Simões Onofre de Santi, Renato Araujo Prates, Cristiane Miranda França, Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes, Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari and Sandra Kalil Bussadori
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:443
  2. Vascular cognitive impairment, no dementia (VCIND) is a condition at risk for future dementia and should be the target of preventive strategies. Preliminary evidence suggests that acupuncture may be a clinical...

    Authors: Bo-Feng Yang, Xiang-Hong Zeng, Yan Liu, Qing-Nan Fu, Tian He, Fang Li, Guang-Xia Shi, Bao-Zhen Liu, San-Feng Sun, Jun Wang, Lei Xiao, Yan-Mei Deng and Cun-Zhi Liu
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:442
  3. Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a severe AIDS-defining illness with 90-day case mortality as high as 70% in sub-Saharan Africa, despite treatment. It is the leading cause of death in HIV patients in Asia and A...

    Authors: Jeremy Day, Darma Imran, Ahmed Rizal Ganiem, Natriana Tjahjani, Retno Wahyuningsih, Robiatul Adawiyah, David Dance, Mayfong Mayxay, Paul Newton, Rattanaphone Phetsouvanh, Sayaphet Rattanavong, Adrienne K Chan, Robert Heyderman, Joep J van Oosterhout, Wirongrong Chierakul, Nick Day…
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:441
  4. Current interventions for haemorrhoidal disease include traditional haemorrhoidectomy (TH) and stapled haemorrhoidopexy (SH) surgery. However, uncertainty remains as to how they compare from a clinical, qualit...

    Authors: Angus J M Watson, Hanne Bruhn, Kathleen MacLeod, Alison McDonald, Gladys McPherson, Mary Kilonzo, John Norrie, Malcolm A Loudon, Kirsty McCormack, Brian Buckley, Steven Brown, Finlay Curran, David Jayne, Ramesh Rajagopal and Jonathan A Cook
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:439
  5. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) can progress to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and ultimately liver-related death. Although oral antiviral therapy for patients with CHB reduces the risk of such complicati...

    Authors: Jianhui Qu, Zujiang Yu, Qin Li, Yongping Chen, Dedong Xiang, Lin Tan, Chunliang Lei, Wenlin Bai, Hongyan Li, Qinghua Shang, Liang Chen, Xiaoyu Hu, Wei Lu, Zhiqin Li, Da Chen, Xiaodong Wang…
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:438
  6. Cervical radiculopathy caused by spondylotic foraminal stenosis may require surgical treatment. Surgical options include anterior cervical foraminotomy and fusion or posterior cervical foraminotomy. Controvers...

    Authors: Anja Tschugg, Sabrina Neururer, Kai Michael Scheufler, Hanno Ulmer, Claudius Thomé and Aldemar Andres Hegewald
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:437
  7. The incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is increased compared to the general population. Immune dysregulation and systemic inflammation are thought to be associated with this...

    Authors: Bara Erhayiem, Sue Pavitt, Paul Baxter, Jacqueline Andrews, John P Greenwood, Maya H Buch and Sven Plein
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:436
  8. South Africa has a high and rising prevalence of hypertension. Many affected individuals are not using medication, and few have controlled blood pressure. Until recently, primary care clinics focused on matern...

    Authors: Margaret Thorogood, Jane Goudge, Melanie Bertram, Tobias Chirwa, Sandra Eldridge, Francesc Xavier Gómez-Olivé, Felix Limbani, Eustasius Musenge, Nokuzola Myakayaka, Stephen Tollman and Rhian Twine
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:435
  9. Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) remains a threat to global public health, owing to the complexity and delay of diagnosis and treatment. The Global Consortium for Drug-resistant Tuberculosis Diagnostics (GC...

    Authors: Naomi Hillery, Erik J Groessl, Andre Trollip, Donald Catanzaro, Lynn Jackson, Timothy C Rodwell, Richard S Garfein, S-Y Grace Lin, Kathleen Eisenach, Theodore G Ganiats, Daniel Park, Faramarz Valafar, Camilla Rodrigues, Valeriu Crudu, Thomas C Victor and Antonino Catanzaro
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:434
  10. Electroencephalographic (EEG) status epilepticus is described in 10 to 35% of patients with postanoxic encephalopathy after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation and is associated with case fatality rates o...

    Authors: Barry J Ruijter, Michel JAM van Putten, Janneke Horn, Michiel J Blans, Albertus Beishuizen, Anne-Fleur van Rootselaar and Jeannette Hofmeijer
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:433
  11. The clinical benefits of bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS)-guided fluid management in patients on hemodialysis have been widely demonstrated. However, no previous reports have evaluated the effect of regular and...

    Authors: Seon Ha Baek, Kook-Hwan Oh, Sejoong Kim, Dong Ki Kim, Kwon-Wook Joo, Yun Kyu Oh, Byoung Geun Han, Jae Hyun Chang, Wookyung Chung, Yon Su Kim and Ki Young Na
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:432
  12. While physical activity, energy restriction and weight loss are the cornerstone of type 2 diabetes management, less emphasis is placed on optimizing skeletal muscle mass. As muscle is the largest mass of insul...

    Authors: Robin M Daly, Eliza G Miller, David W Dunstan, Deborah A Kerr, Vicky Solah, David Menzies and Caryl A Nowson
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:431
  13. In addition to their effects on bone health, high doses of cholecalciferol may have beneficial non-classic effects including the reduction of incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and ...

    Authors: Marie Courbebaisse, Corinne Alberti, Sandra Colas, Dominique Prié, Jean-Claude Souberbielle, Jean-Marc Treluyer and Eric Thervet
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:430
  14. The aim of this study was to assess the endorsement of reporting guidelines in Korean traditional medicine (TM) journals by reviewing their instructions to authors. We examined the instructions to authors in a...

    Authors: Jiae Choi, Ji Hee Jun, Byoung Kab Kang, Kun Hyung Kim and Myeong Soo Lee
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:429
  15. It is well known that information about clinical trials is not easily accessible by the public. In Japan, clinical trial information can be accessed by the general public through online registries; however, ma...

    Authors: Daisuke Ogino, Kunihiko Takahashi and Hajime Sato
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:428
  16. Recently, internet-based interventions have been proposed as effective treatments for people with panic disorder (PD). However, little is known about the clinical effects of integrating mobile technology into ...

    Authors: Lara Ebenfeld, Stefan Kleine Stegemann, Dirk Lehr, David Daniel Ebert, Hooria Jazaieri, Wouter van Ballegooijen, Burkhardt Funk, Heleen Riper and Matthias Berking
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:427
  17. The aim of the Youth Depression Alleviation–Combined Treatment (YoDA-C) study is to determine whether antidepressant medication should be started as a first-line treatment for youth depression delivered concur...

    Authors: Christopher G Davey, Andrew M Chanen, Sue M Cotton, Sarah E Hetrick, Melissa J Kerr, Michael Berk, Olivia M Dean, Kally Yuen, Mark Phelan, Aswin Ratheesh, Miriam R Schäfer, G Paul Amminger, Alexandra G Parker, Danijela Piskulic, Susy Harrigan, Andrew J Mackinnon…
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:425
  18. Cardiovascular disease, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress are common complications among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In addition to the average blood glucose concentration, glycemic varia...

    Authors: Aline Fofonka, Jorge Pinto Ribeiro, Karina Rabello Casali and Beatriz D Schaan
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:424
  19. Currently, endovascular treatment is indicated to treat femoropopliteal lesions ≤15 cm. However, the Achilles’ heel of femoropopliteal endovascular repair remains restenosis. Paclitaxel eluting stents have sho...

    Authors: Yann Gouëffic, Adrien Kaladji, Béatrice Guyomarch, Carine Montagne, Damien Fairier, Simon Gestin, Valéry-Pierre Riche, Pierre Alexandre Vent, Philippe Chaillou, Alain Costargent and Philippe Patra
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:423
  20. Stable angina pectoris is experienced as trans-sternal or retro-sternal pressure or pain that may radiate to the left arm, neck or back. Although available evidence relating to its effectiveness and mechanism ...

    Authors: Zhe Zhang, Fan Zhang, Yang Wang, Yi Du, Huiyong Zhang, Dezhao Kong, Yue Liu and Guanlin Yang
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:422
  21. Estimates show that as many as one in 10 patients are harmed while receiving hospital care. Previous strategies to improve safety have focused on developing incident reporting systems and changing systems of c...

    Authors: Laura Sheard, Jane O’Hara, Gerry Armitage, John Wright, Kim Cocks, Rosemary McEachan, Ian Watt and Rebecca Lawton
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:2282

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Trials 2016 17:605

  22. Minimally invasive endothermal techniques, for example, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), have revolutionized the treatment of insufficient truncal veins and are associated with an excellent outcome. The use of t...

    Authors: Doeke Boersma, Ramon RJP van Eekeren, Hans JC Kelder, Debora AB Werson, Suzanne Holewijn, Michiel A Schreve, Michel MPJ Reijnen and Jean Paul PM de Vries
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:421
  23. Older individuals often have a reduced immune response to influenza vaccination, which might be improved by administering a higher vaccine dose. We compared the immune response to two single doses of the AS03A-ad...

    Authors: Paul Gillard, Didier Giet, Stéphane Heijmans, Mamadou Dramé, Karl Walravens and François Roman
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:419
  24. Low back pain is a common, disabling musculoskeletal disorder in both developing and developed countries. Although often recommended, the potential efficacy of massage therapy in general, and Chinese massage (tui...

    Authors: Mingxiao Yang, Yue Feng, Hong Pei, Shufang Deng, Minyu Wang, Xianjun Xiao, Hui Zheng, Zhenhong Lai, Jiao Chen, Xiang Li, Xiaoguo He and Fanrong Liang
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:418
  25. In rural South Africa, only two-thirds of HIV-positive pregnant women seeking antenatal care at community health centers took full advantage of ‘prevention of mother-to-child transmission’ (PMTCT) services in ...

    Authors: Deborah Jones, Karl Peltzer, Stephen M Weiss, Sibusiso Sifunda, Ntabozuko Dwane, Shandir Ramlagan, Ryan Cook, Gladys Matseke, Vincent Maduna and Andrew Spence
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:417
  26. The integrated treatment of first episode psychosis has been shown to improve functionality and negative symptoms in previous studies. In this paper, we describe a study of integrated treatment (individual psy...

    Authors: Sara Barbeito, Patricia Vega, Sonia Ruiz de Azua, Vicent Balanza- Martinez, Francesc Colom, Esther Lorente, Ana Luengo, Ester Cerrillo, José Manuel Crespo and Ana González Pinto
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:416
  27. Cervical incompetence is one of the causes of preterm birth and mid-trimester pregnancy loss. Cervical cerclage is a surgical procedure to treat cervical incompetence. Cervical cerclage reduces the incidence o...

    Authors: Fidan Israfil-Bayli, Philip Toozs-Hobson, Christoph Lees, Mark Slack and Khaled Ismail
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:415
  28. Neurological complications after cardiac surgery have a profound impact on postoperative survival and quality of life. The increasing importance of strategies designed to improve neurological outcomes mirrors ...

    Authors: Hrvoje Gasparovic, Tomislav Kopjar, Milan Rados, Alan Anticevic, Marko Rados, Branko Malojcic, Visnja Ivancan, Tea Fabijanic, Maja Cikes, Davor Milicic, Vladimir Gasparovic and Bojan Biocina
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:414
  29. Intra-peritoneal adhesions are frequent following abdominal surgery and are the most common cause of small bowel obstructions. A hyaluronic acid/carboxymethylcellulose (HA/CMC) film adhesion barrier has been s...

    Authors: Stéphane V. Berdah, Christophe Mariette, Christine Denet, Yves Panis, Christophe Laurent, Eddy Cotte, Nöel Huten, Eliane Le Peillet Feuillet and Jean-Jacques Duron
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:413
  30. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a heterogeneous group of conditions with disturbed integrity of articular cartilage and changes in the underlying bone. The pathogenesis of OA is multifactorial and not just a disease of...

    Authors: Jacqueline Detert, Pascal Klaus, Joachim Listing, Vera Höhne-Zimmer, Tanja Braun, Siegfried Wassenberg, Rolf Rau, Frank Buttgereit and Gerd R. Burmester
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:412
  31. Home care workers are a high-risk group for injury and illness. Their unique work structure presents challenges to delivering a program to enhance their health and safety. No randomized controlled trials have ...

    Authors: Ryan Olson, Diane Elliot, Jennifer Hess, Sharon Thompson, Kristy Luther, Brad Wipfli, Robert Wright and Annie Mancini Buckmaster
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:411
  32. Agitation is prevalent among people with dementia (PWD) in nursing homes. It frustrates both the PWD and their caregivers. Acupressure is a non-pharmacological intervention whose effectiveness is supported by ...

    Authors: Rick Yiu Cho Kwan, Mason Chin Pang Leung and Claudia Kam Yuk Lai
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:410
  33. Despite persistent calls to measure the effectiveness of educational interventions on patient outcomes, few studies have been conducted. Within musculoskeletal physiotherapy, the effects of postgraduate clinic...

    Authors: Aled L Williams, Ceri J. Phillips, Alan Watkins and Alison B. Rushton
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:409
  34. Group reminiscence therapy is a brief and structured intervention in which participants share personal past events with peers. This approach has been shown to be promising for improving wellbeing and reducing ...

    Authors: Andrea Gaggioli, Chiara Scaratti, Luca Morganti, Marco Stramba-Badiale, Monica Agostoni, Chiara A. M. Spatola, Enrico Molinari, Pietro Cipresso and Giuseppe Riva
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:408
  35. Randomized controlled trials play a central role in evidence-based practice, but recruitment of participants, and retention of them once in the trial, is challenging. Moreover, there is a dearth of evidence th...

    Authors: Jo Rick, Jonathan Graffy, Peter Knapp, Nicola Small, David J. Collier, Sandra Eldridge, Anne Kennedy, Chris Salisbury, Shaun Treweek, David Torgerson, Paul Wallace, Vichithranie Madurasinghe, Adwoa Hughes-Morley and Peter Bower
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:407
  36. Systematic procedures addressing the limitations of eligibility determination are needed to improve the quality of participant recruitment and enrollment in randomized clinical trials. This paper describes an ...

    Authors: Robert D. Vining, Stacie A. Salsbury and Katherine A. Pohlman
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:406
  37. Existing psychological therapies for bipolar disorders have been found to have mixed results, with a consensus that they provide a significant, but modest, effect on clinical outcomes. Typically, these approac...

    Authors: Warren Mansell, Sara Tai, Alexandra Clark, Savas Akgonul, Graham Dunn, Linda Davies, Heather Law, Richard Morriss, Neil Tinning and Anthony P Morrison
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:405
  38. Longstanding complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is refractory to treatment with established analgesic drugs in most cases, and for many patients, alternative pain treatment approaches, such as with neuromod...

    Authors: Andreas Goebel, Nicholas Shenker, Nick Padfield, Karim Shoukrey, Candida McCabe, Mick Serpell, Mark Sanders, Caroline Murphy, Amaka Ejibe, Holly Milligan, Joanna Kelly and Gareth Ambler
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:404
  39. The single most distressing symptom for patients with advanced esophageal cancer is dysphagia. Amongst the more effective treatments for relief of dysphagia is insertion of a self-expanding metal stent (SEMS)....

    Authors: Douglas Adamson, Jane Blazeby, Annmarie Nelson, Chris Hurt, Lisette Nixon, Jim Fitzgibbon, Tom Crosby, John Staffurth, Mim Evans, Noreen Hopewell Kelly, David Cohen, Gareth Griffiths and Anthony Byrne
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:402
  40. A randomized controlled trial of a multicomponent dyadic intervention (a translated and adapted version of an intervention that has been shown to be effective for people with dementia in the USA) was performed...

    Authors: Anna-Eva Prick, Jacomine de Lange, Netta van ‘t Leven and Anne Margriet Pot
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:401
  41. Thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) is recommended for post-operative pain relief in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery via a midline incision. However, the effectiveness of TEA is variable with high fa...

    Authors: Kate M Wilkinson, Anton Krige, Sarah G Brearley, Steven Lane, Michael Scott, Anthony C Gordon and Gordon L Carlson
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:400
  42. Despite significant investment in infrastructure many trials continue to face challenges in recruitment and retention. We argue that insufficient focus has been placed on the development and testing of recruit...

    Authors: Peter Bower, Valerie Brueton, Carrol Gamble, Shaun Treweek, Catrin Tudur Smith, Bridget Young and Paula Williamson
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:399
  43. The ‘cohort multiple Randomised Controlled Trial’ (cmRCT) design has been proposed as a potential solution to poor recruitment into clinical trials. The design randomly selects participants eligible for experi...

    Authors: David A Richards, Sarah Ross, Sarah Robens and Gunilla Borglin
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:398
  44. Acupuncture has been used in China to treat tinnitus for a long time. There is debate as to whether or not De Qi is a key factor in achieving the efficacy of acupuncture. However, there is no sufficient evidence ...

    Authors: Hui Xie, Xinrong Li, Jiaqin Lai, Yanan Zhou, Caiying Wang and Jiao Liang
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:397
  45. Subjective tinnitus is the perception of sound in the absence of a corresponding external sound for which there is no known medical etiology. For a minority of individuals with tinnitus, the condition impacts ...

    Authors: Roberta W Scherer, Craig Formby, Susan Gold, Sue Erdman, Charles Rodhe, Michele Carlson, Dave Shade, Melanie Tucker, Lee McCaffrey Sensinger, Gordon Hughes, George S Conley, Naomi Downey, Cynthia Eades, Margaret Jylkka, Ada Haber-Perez, Courtney Harper…
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:396
  46. Technological innovations in dental materials have been fueled by the desire of patients to improve the esthetics of their teeth. This emphasis on esthetics has led dentists to seek resources that respect the ...

    Authors: Marcelo Mendes Pinto, Camila Haddad Leal de Godoy, Carolina Carvalho Bortoletto, Silvia Regina Garcia Olivan, Lara Jansiski Motta, Olga Maria Altavista, Katia Lumi, Ana Paula Taboada Sobral and Sandra Kalil Bussadori
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:395
  47. Alzheimer’s disease, a global public health issue, accounts for 60 to 80% of all dementias. Alzheimer’s disease primarily causes cognitive impairment and drugs have only modest short-term effects, highlighting...

    Authors: Fang Yu, Ulf G Bronas, Suma Konety, Nathaniel W Nelson, Maurice Dysken, Clifford Jack Jr, Jean F Wyman, David Vock and Glenn Smith
    Citation: Trials 2014 15:394

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