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  1. Efforts to scale up and improve programs for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) have focused primarily at the health facility level, and limited attention has been paid to defining an ef...

    Authors: Godfrey B. Woelk, Mary Pat Kieffer, Damilola Walker, Daphne Mpofu and Rhoderick Machekano
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:88
  2. It is now well documented that critically ill patients are exposed to stressful conditions and experience discomforts from multiple sources. Improved identification of the discomforts of patients in intensive ...

    Authors: Pierre Kalfon, Olivier Mimoz, Anderson Loundou, Marie-Agnès Geantot, Nathalie Revel, Isabelle Villard, Julien Amour, Elie Azoulay, Maïté Garrouste-Orgeas, Claude Martin, Tarek Sharshar, Karine Baumstarck and Pascal Auquier
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:87
  3. A peer-reviewed journal would not survive without the generous time and insightful comments of the reviewers, whose efforts often go unrecognized. Although final decisions are always editorial, they are greatl...

    Authors: Douglas G. Altman, Curt D. Furberg and Jeremy M. Grimshaw
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:86
  4. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a major cause of death from a non-communicable disease. Secondary prevention is effective for reducing morbidity and mortality, but evidence-based targets are seldom reached an...

    Authors: Daniel Huber, Robin Henriksson, Stina Jakobsson, Nikolai Stenfors and Thomas Mooe
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:85
  5. Endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus and systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and an early maker for atherosclerosis. Aerobic exercise training is known to enhance endothelial function, b...

    Authors: Marinei Lopes Pedralli, Gustavo Waclawovsky, Augusto Camacho, Melissa Medeiros Markoski, Iran Castro and Alexandre Machado Lehnen
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:84
  6. Authors: Florence Bretelle, Florence Fenollar, Karine Baumstarck, Cécile Fortanier, Jean François Cocallemen, Valérie Serazin, Didier Raoult, Pascal Auquier and Sandrine Loubière
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:83

    The original article was published in Trials 2015 16:470

  7. Despite a decade of substantial investments in programs to improve access to primary care for Aboriginal mothers and infants, more than 50 % of Western Australian Aboriginal babies are still not receiving prim...

    Authors: Daniel McAullay, Kimberley McAuley, Rhonda Marriott, Glenn Pearson, Peter Jacoby, Chantal Ferguson, Elizabeth Geelhoed, Juli Coffin, Charmaine Green, Selina Sibosado, Barbara Henry, Dorota Doherty and Karen Edmond
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:82
  8. Low back pain is a highly prevalent condition in the United States and has a staggeringly negative impact on society in terms of expenses and disability. It has previously been suggested that rehabilitation st...

    Authors: Shinichi Amano, Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin, Rachel Clift, Masato Nakazawa, Timothy D. Law, Laura J. Rush, Todd M. Manini, James S. Thomas, David W. Russ and Brian C. Clark
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:81
  9. People with severe mental illnesses die up to 20 years earlier than the general population, with cardiovascular disease being the leading cause of death. National guidelines recommend that the physical care of...

    Authors: David Osborn, Alexandra Burton, Kate Walters, Irwin Nazareth, Samira Heinkel, Lou Atkins, Ruth Blackburn, Richard Holt, Racheal Hunter, Michael King, Louise Marston, Susan Michie, Richard Morris, Steve Morris, Rumana Omar, Robert Peveler…
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:80
  10. Suicide is a major cause of preventable death, and suicidal behaviour is prevalent in acute psychiatric wards. People admitted to acute psychiatric wards often experience repeated episodes of suicidal behaviou...

    Authors: Gillian Haddock, Linda Davies, Emma Evans, Richard Emsley, Patricia Gooding, Lisa Heaney, Sarah Jones, James Kelly, Ailsa Munro, Sarah Peters, Daniel Pratt, Nicholas Tarrier, Kirsten Windfuhr and Yvonne Awenat
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:79
  11. One-third of people with cancer experience psychological distress and may suppress distressing thoughts, emotions, and concerns, leading to further problems. Conventional psychological treatments reduce distre...

    Authors: Joseph Low, Marc Serfaty, Sarah Davis, Victoria Vickerstaff, Anna Gola, Rumana Z. Omar, Michael King, Adrian Tookman, Janet St John Austen, Karen Turner and Louise Jones
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:77
  12. Task sharing mental health care through integration into primary health care (PHC) is advocated as a means of narrowing the treatment gap for mental disorders in low-income countries. However, the effectivenes...

    Authors: Charlotte Hanlon, Atalay Alem, Girmay Medhin, Teshome Shibre, Dawit A. Ejigu, Hanna Negussie, Michael Dewey, Lawrence Wissow, Martin Prince, Ezra Susser, Crick Lund and Abebaw Fekadu
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:76

    The Correction to this article has been published in Trials 2020 21:829

  13. The Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO, Eur J Prev Cardiol 22(6):734–42, 2015) trial shows that, in patients who have an acute coronary syndrome, treatment with ticagrelor as compared with clopido...

    Authors: Zhenhua Li, Yueyan Li, Tao Zhang, Wei Miao and Guohai Su
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:75
  14. At the time of initial diagnosis, only 15–20 % of patients with pancreatic cancer present with a resectable disease. Patients with pancreatic cancer face a poor prognosis. Progression-free survival and overall...

    Authors: Susanne Richter, Verena Uslar, Navid Tabriz, Thomas Mueser and Dirk Weyhe
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:74
  15. In 2009, we began recruiting dental practitioners across Germany to participate in a clinical trial to evaluate the clinical performance of EQUIA, a new glass ionomer restoration material. The aim of this pape...

    Authors: Thomas Klinke, Amro Daboul, Christian Schwahn, Roland Frankenberger, Reinhard Hickel and Reiner Biffar
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:73
  16. Low back pain is highly prevalent and one of the most common causes of disability in U.S. armed forces personnel. Currently, no single therapeutic method has been established as a gold standard treatment for t...

    Authors: Christine M. Goertz, Cynthia R. Long, Robert D. Vining, Katherine A. Pohlman, Bridget Kane, Lance Corber, Joan Walter and Ian Coulter
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:70
  17. Although most clinical guidelines throughout the world indicate that clinicians take two bitewings for detecting caries lesions in primary molars of all children, evidence for this recommendation is essentiall...

    Authors: Fausto Medeiros Mendes, Laura Regina Antunes Pontes, Thais Gimenez, Juan Sebastian Lara, Lucila Basto de Camargo, Edgard Michel-Crosato, Claudio Mendes Pannuti, Daniela Prócida Raggio, Mariana Minatel Braga and Tatiane Fernandes Novaes
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:69
  18. In countries with a high burden of HIV, such as South Africa, where the epidemic remains the world’s largest, improving early uptake of and consistent adherence to antiretroviral therapy could bring substantia...

    Authors: Sheri A. Lippman, Starley B. Shade, Jeri Sumitani, Julia DeKadt, Jennifer M. Gilvydis, Mary Jane Ratlhagana, Jessica Grignon, John Tumbo, Hailey Gilmore, Emily Agnew, Parya Saberi, Scott Barnhart and Wayne T. Steward
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:68
  19. Cardiovascular disease has a multifactorial aetiology with a number of both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Although evidence indicates that dietary intake plays an important role, few studies have...

    Authors: Marietta Sayegh, Melina Tsiountsioura, Polly Page, Dan Del Rio and Sumantra Ray
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:67
  20. People with depression are usually managed in primary care and antidepressants are often the first-line treatment, but only one third of patients respond fully to a single antidepressant. This paper describes ...

    Authors: Debbie Tallon, Nicola Wiles, John Campbell, Carolyn Chew-Graham, Chris Dickens, Una Macleod, Tim J. Peters, Glyn Lewis, Ian M. Anderson, Simon Gilbody, William Hollingworth, Simon Davies and David Kessler
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:66
  21. A community-based occupational therapy intervention for people with mild to moderate dementia and their family carers (Community Occupational Therapy in Dementia (COTiD)) was found clinically and cost effectiv...

    Authors: Jennifer Wenborn, Sinéad Hynes, Esme Moniz-Cook, Gail Mountain, Fiona Poland, Michael King, Rumana Omar, Steven Morris, Myrra Vernooij-Dassen, David Challis, Susan Michie, Ian Russell, Catherine Sackley, Maud Graff, Aidan O’Keeffe, Nadia Crellin…
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:65
  22. Mental disorders are the leading global cause of years lived with disability; the majority of this burden exists in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Over half of mental illness is attributable to depre...

    Authors: Chinwe Onu, Linnet Ongeri, Elizabeth Bukusi, Craig R. Cohen, Thomas C. Neylan, Patrick Oyaro, Grace Rota, Faith Otewa, Kevin L. Delucchi and Susan M. Meffert
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:64

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Trials 2016 17:151

  23. Authors: Denise A. Yardley, Adam Brufsky, Robert E. Coleman, Pierfranco F. Conte, Javier Cortes, Stefan Glück, Jean-Mark A. Nabholtz, Joyce O’Shaughnessy, Robert M. Beck, Amy Ko, Markus F. Renschler, Debora Barton and Nadia Harbeck
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:63

    The original article was published in Trials 2015 16:575

  24. Potent combined antiretroviral therapy decreased the incidence and severity of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND); however, no specific effective pharmacotherapy exists for HAND. Patients with HIV ...

    Authors: L Chang, GC Løhaugen, V Douet, EN Miller, J Skranes and T Ernst
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:62
  25. Painful spinal metastases have been treated with conventional radiotherapy for decades, but one-third of the patients have insufficient pain relief after treatment and one-fifth need retreatment. Stereotactic ...

    Authors: Pètra Braam, Philippe Lambin and Johan Bussink
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:61
  26. Traditional one-session exposure therapy (OST) in which a patient is gradually exposed to feared stimuli for up to 3 h in a one-session format has been found effective for the treatment of specific phobias. Ho...

    Authors: Alexander Miloff, Philip Lindner, William Hamilton, Lena Reuterskiöld, Gerhard Andersson and Per Carlbring
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:60
  27. Around 17 % of people eligible for UK cardiac rehabilitation programmes following an acute coronary syndrome report moderate or severe depressive symptoms. While maximising psychological health is a core goal ...

    Authors: Suzanne H. Richards, Chris Dickens, Rob Anderson, David A. Richards, Rod S. Taylor, Obioha C. Ukoumunne, David Kessler, Katrina Turner, Willem Kuyken, Manish Gandhi, Luke Knight, Andrew Gibson, Antoinette Davey, Fiona Warren, Rachel Winder, Christine Wright…
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:59
  28. Periconceptional supplementation could extend the period over which maternal and fetal nutrition is improved, but there are many challenges facing early-life intervention studies. Periconceptional trials diffe...

    Authors: Bernard J. Brabin, Sabine Gies, Stephen Owens, Yves Claeys, Umberto D’Alessandro, Halidou Tinto and Loretta Brabin
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:58
  29. Multimorbidity is increasing in aging populations with a corresponding increase in polypharmacy as well as inappropriate prescribing. Depending on definitions, 25-50 % of patients aged 75 years or older are ex...

    Authors: Andreas Sönnichsen, Ulrike S. Trampisch, Anja Rieckert, Giuliano Piccoliori, Anna Vögele, Maria Flamm, Tim Johansson, Aneez Esmail, David Reeves, Christin Löffler, Jennifer Höck, Renate Klaassen-Mielke, Hans Joachim Trampisch and Ilkka Kunnamo
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:57
  30. Traditional treatment for motor impairment after stroke includes medication and physical rehabilitation. The transcranial direct current stimulation associated with a standard physical therapy program may be a...

    Authors: Suellen M. Andrade, Natanael A. Santos, Bernardino Fernández-Calvo, Paulo S. Boggio, Eliane A. Oliveira, José J. Ferreira, Amanda Sobreira, Felipe Morgan, Germana Medeiros, Gyovanna S. Cavalcanti, Ingrid D. Gadelha, Jader Duarte, Joercia Marrocos, Michele A. Silva, Thatiana Rufino and Sanmy R. Nóbrega
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:56
  31. Delirium is a common occurrence in patients undergoing major cardiac surgery and is associated with a number of adverse consequences for the individual, their family and the health system. Current approaches t...

    Authors: Andrew H. Ford, Leon Flicker, Jurgen Passage, Bradley Wibrow, Matthew Anstey, Mark Edwards and Osvaldo P. Almeida
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:55
  32. Knee replacement surgery reduces pain for many people with osteoarthritis (OA). However, surgical outcomes are partly dependent on patients’ moods, and those with depression or anxiety have worse outcomes. App...

    Authors: Roshan das Nair, Pippa Anderson, Simon Clarke, Paul Leighton, Nadina B. Lincoln, Jacqueline R. Mhizha-Murira, Brigitte E. Scammell and David A. Walsh
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:54
  33. Sciatica is a severe, disabling condition that lacks high quality evidence for effective treatment strategies. This a priori statistical analysis plan describes the methodology of analysis for the PRECISE study.

    Authors: Stephanie Mathieson, Laurent Billot, Christopher G. Maher, Andrew J. McLachlan, Jane Latimer, Bart W. Koes, Mark J. Hancock, Ian Harris, Richard O. Day, Justin Pik, Stephen Jan and Chung-Wei Christine Lin
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:53
  34. Two thirds of the global mortality of stroke is borne by low and middle income countries (LMICs). Pakistan is the world’s sixth most populous country with a stroke-vulnerable population and is without a single...

    Authors: Ayeesha Kamran Kamal, Adeel Khoja, Bushra Usmani, Abdul Muqeet, Fabiha Zaidi, Masood Ahmed, Saadia Shakeel, Nabila Soomro, Ambreen Gowani, Nargis Asad, Asma Ahmed, Saleem Sayani, Iqbal Azam and Sarah Saleem
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:52
  35. Rheumatic heart disease (RHD), caused by acute rheumatic fever (ARF), is a major health problem in Australian Aboriginal communities. Progress in controlling RHD requires improvements in the delivery of second...

    Authors: Anna P. Ralph, Clancy Read, Vanessa Johnston, Jessica L. de Dassel, Kerstin Bycroft, Alice Mitchell, Ross S. Bailie, Graeme P. Maguire, Keith Edwards, Bart J. Currie, Adrienne Kirby and Jonathan R. Carapetis
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:51
  36. The use of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is a widely used and effective therapy, which reduces the risk of cardiac death in many cardiac diseases, both implanted for secondary and primary pre...

    Authors: Piotr Futyma, Marian Futyma and Piotr Kułakowski
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:50
  37. Complex peripheral nerve injuries of the hand include at least 300,000 cases per year in Europe. The standard treatment involves a microsurgical end-to-end suture of traumatic sensory nerve lesions of the hand...

    Authors: Florian Neubrech, Sina Heider, Leila Harhaus, Berthold Bickert, Ulrich Kneser and Thomas Kremer
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:48
  38. Long bone fractures, particularly of the femur, are common in multiple-trauma patients, but their optimal management has not yet been determined. Although a trend exists toward the concept of “damage control o...

    Authors: Dieter Rixen, Eva Steinhausen, Stefan Sauerland, Rolf Lefering, Marc G. Maegele, Bertil Bouillon, Guido Grass and Edmund A. M. Neugebauer
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:47
  39. Irinotecan is approved and widely administered to metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients; however, it can cause severe toxicities including neutropenia and diarrhea. The polymorphisms of genes encoding d...

    Authors: Yung-Sung Yeh, Hsiang-Lin Tsai, Ching-Wen Huang, Jui-Ho Wang, Yi-Wen Lin, Hsiu-Chih Tang, Yung-Chuan Sung, Chang-Chieh Wu, Chien-Yu Lu and Jaw-Yuan Wang
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:46
  40. Multimodal analgesia is achieved by combining different analgesics and different methods of analgesic administration, synergistically providing superior pain relief when compared with conventional analgesia. M...

    Authors: Takeo Mammoto, Keiko Fujie, Naotaka Mamizuka, Noriko Taguchi, Atsushi Hirano, Masashi Yamazaki, Satoshi Ueno, Enbo Ma and Koichi Hashimoto
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:45
  41. Deviation from the physiological glucocorticoid dynamics (circadian and underlying ultradian rhythmicity) is a common characteristic of various neuropsychiatric and endocrine disorders as well as glucocorticoi...

    Authors: Konstantinos Kalafatakis, Georgina M. Russell, Catherine J. Harmer, Marcus R. Munafo, Nicky Marchant, Aileen Wilson, Jonathan C. W. Brooks, Ngoc J. Thai, Stuart G. Ferguson, Kirsty Stevenson, Claire Durant, Kristin Schmidt and Stafford L. Lightman
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:44
  42. Analysis of trial documentation has revealed that some industry-funded trials may be done more for marketing purposes than scientific endeavour. We aimed to define characteristics of drug trials that appear to...

    Authors: Virginia Barbour, Druin Burch, Fiona Godlee, Carl Heneghan, Richard Lehman, Rafael Perera, Joseph S. Ross and Sara Schroter
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:31
  43. Authors: Dylan R. Morris, Margaret A. Cunningham, Anna A. Ahimastos, Bronwyn A. Kingwell, Elise Pappas, Michael Bourke, Christopher M. Reid, Theo Stijnen, Ronald L. Dalman, Oliver O. Aalami, Jan H. Lindeman, Paul E. Norman, Philip J. Walker, Robert Fitridge, Bernie Bourke, Anthony E. Dear…
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:43

    The original article was published in Trials 2015 16:274

  44. Authors: Toni Zhong, Claire Temple-Oberle, Stefan O. P. Hofer, Brett Beber, John Semple, Mitchell Brown, Sheina Macadam, Peter Lennox, Tony Panzarella, Colleen McCarthy and Nancy Baxter
    Citation: Trials 2016 17:39

    The original article was published in Trials 2013 14:356

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