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  1. Patients with long-term intestinal failure are usually treated by means of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) where they administer their nutritional formulation intravenously via a central venous access device (...

    Authors: Michelle Gompelman, Yannick Wouters, Wietske Kievit, Joost Hopman, Heiman F. Wertheim, Chantal P. Bleeker-Rovers and Geert J. A. Wanten
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:346
  2. Kidney transplantation is the best strategy for the management of end-stage renal disease; however, the outcomes need to improve further. Macrolides show antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties in chron...

    Authors: Gholamreza Mokhtari and Mojtaba Teimoori
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:345
  3. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) in newborn screening (NBS) could expand the number of genetic conditions detected pre-symptomatically, simultaneously challenging current precedents, raising ethical conc...

    Authors: Laura V. Milko, Christine Rini, Megan A. Lewis, Rita M. Butterfield, Feng-Chang Lin, Ryan S. Paquin, Bradford C. Powell, Myra I. Roche, Katherine J. Souris, Donald B. Bailey Jr, Jonathan S. Berg and Cynthia M. Powell
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:344
  4. The preliminary results of a randomised controlled trial are presented. The aim of the trial is to determine the efficacy, feasibility and acceptability of email-delivered psychological interventions with tele...

    Authors: Rebecca Guest, Yvonne Tran, Bamini Gopinath, Ian D. Cameron and Ashley Craig
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:343
  5. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) involves a neuromodulatory effect using electrical stimulation and has been widely used due to its safety and convenience. It has been used for treating tinni...

    Authors: Young-Kyun Moon, Min Hee Kim and Hae Jeong Nam
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:342
  6. Use of electronic health records and information technology to deliver more efficient clinical trials is attracting the attention of research funders and researchers. We report on methodological issues and dat...

    Authors: Victoria R. Cornelius, Lisa McDermott, Alice S. Forster, Mark Ashworth, Alison J. Wright and Martin C. Gulliford
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:341
  7. Slow-flow superficial vascular malformations (VMs) are rare congenital anomalies that can be responsible for pain and functional impairment. Currently, we have no guidelines for their management, which can inv...

    Authors: Annabel Maruani, Olivia Boccara, Didier Bessis, Laurent Guibaud, Pierre Vabres, Juliette Mazereeuw-Hautier, Sébastien Barbarot, Christine Chiaverini, Sophie Blaise, Catherine Droitcourt, Stéphanie Mallet, Ludovic Martin, Gérard Lorette, Jean-Baptiste Woillard, Annie-Pierre Jonville-Bera, Jérome Rollin…
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:340
  8. Commonly in surgical randomised controlled trials (RCT) the experimental treatment is a relatively new technique which the surgeons may still be learning, while the control is a well-established standard. This...

    Authors: Neil Corrigan, Helen Marshall, Julie Croft, Joanne Copeland, David Jayne and Julia Brown
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:339
  9. Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is commonly seen and has a high occurrence in the middle-aged and elderly. It is characterized by the degeneration and secondary bone hyperplasia of the articular cartilage; the patho...

    Authors: Jing Fu, Hong-cai Shang, Li-ying Wang, Chen Zhao, Jin Cui and Yan-ping Wang
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:338
  10. Cognitively healthy older people can increase their performance in cognitive tasks through training. However, training effects are mostly limited to the trained task; thus, training effects only poorly transfe...

    Authors: Dominik Wolf, Oliver Tüscher, Stefan Teipel, Andreas Mierau, Heiko Strüder, Alexander Drzezga, Bernhard Baier, Harald Binder and Andreas Fellgiebel
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:337
  11. Faecal incontinence (FI) is a substantial health problem with a prevalence of approximately 8% in community-dwelling populations. Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is considered the first-line surgical treatment op...

    Authors: Eleanor McAlees, Paul F. Vollebregt, Natasha Stevens, Tom C. Dudding, Anton V. Emmanuel, Paul L. Furlong, Shaheen Hamdy, Richard L. Hooper, James F. X. Jones, Christine Norton, P. Ronan O’Connell, S. Mark Scott and Charles H. Knowles
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:336
  12. Stroke-induced dysarthria is caused by muscle weakness, sacral or muscular dystonia, and incoordination of the articulatory organ formed by organic lesions caused by cerebral vascular obstruction or sudden bur...

    Authors: Hongli Li, Gaiyan Li, Gongliang Liu and Ying Zhang
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:335
  13. Quality and service improvement (QSI) research employs a broad range of methods to enhance the efficiency of healthcare delivery. QSI research differs from traditional healthcare research and poses unique ethi...

    Authors: Cory E. Goldstein, Charles Weijer, Jamie C. Brehaut, Marion Campbell, Dean A. Fergusson, Jeremy M. Grimshaw, Karla Hemming, Austin R. Horn and Monica Taljaard
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:334
  14. Breathing retraining techniques have received increased attention in the management of asthma, because there is growing evidence of the usefulness of such methods in improving quality of life, reducing symptom...

    Authors: Dietrich von Bonin, Sabine D. Klein, Jana Würker, Eva Streit, Oliver Avianus, Christian Grah, Jörg Salomon and Ursula Wolf
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:333
  15. The increasing prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia raises new challenges to ensure that healthcare decisions are informed by research evidence and reflect what is important for senior...

    Authors: Anik M. C. Giguere, Moulikatou Adouni Lawani, Émilie Fortier-Brochu, Pierre-Hugues Carmichael, France Légaré, Edeltraut Kröger, Holly O. Witteman, Philippe Voyer, Danielle Caron and Charo Rodríguez
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:332
  16. Risk factors, such as the number of pre-existing co-morbidities, the extent of the underlying pathology and the magnitude of the required operation, cannot be changed before surgery. It may, however, be possib...

    Authors: John Woodfield, Matthew Zacharias, Genevieve Wilson, Fran Munro, Kate Thomas, Andrew Gray and James Baldi
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:331
  17. A considerable proportion of contemporary youth have a high risk of obesity-related disorders such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although there is...

    Authors: Katherine González-Ruíz, Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista, Mikel Izquierdo, Antonio García-Hermoso, María Andrea Dominguez-Sanchez, Rosa Helena Bustos-Cruz, Jorge Cañete García-Prieto, Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno, Felipe Lobelo, Emilio González-Jiménez, Daniel Humberto Prieto-Benavides, Alejandra Tordecilla-Sanders, Jacqueline Schmidt-RioValle, Guillermo Perez and Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:330
  18. Placement of central venous catheters (CVCs) is essential and routine practice in the management of children with congenital heart disease. The purpose of the present protocol is to evaluate the risk for infec...

    Authors: Simona Silvetti, Tommaso Aloisio, Anna Cazzaniga and Marco Ranucci
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:329
  19. Patients can struggle to make sense of trials in emergency situations. This study examines patient experience of participating in the United Kingdom, Wound management of Open Lower Limb Fractures (UK WOLLF) st...

    Authors: Elizabeth Tutton, Juul Achten, Sarah E. Lamb, Keith Willett and Matthew L. Costa
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:328
  20. The randomised control trial (RCT) is the most rigorous method of evaluating interventions. Recruitment is often slower and more challenging than expected. The aim of the current paper is to understand the fea...

    Authors: M. Duncan, A. Korszun, P. White and G. Eva
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:327
  21. Postoperative delirium is common in elderly cardiac surgery patients. It is multifactorial and is influenced by the patient’s baseline status and the nature of the medical and surgical interventions that the p...

    Authors: Puja Shankar, Ariel Mueller, Senthil Packiasabapathy, Doris Gasangwa, Melissa Patxot, Brian O’Gara, Shahzad Shaefi, Edward R. Marcantonio and Balachundhar Subramaniam
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:326
  22. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health concern and many people develop long-lasting physical and neuropsychiatric consequences following a TBI. Despite the emphasis on physical rehabilitation, i...

    Authors: Shoumitro Deb, Verity Leeson, Lina Aimola, Mayur Bodani, Lucia Li, Tim Weaver, David Sharp and Mike Crawford
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:325
  23. The efficacy of a combination of a calcium channel blocker (CCB) plus chlorthalidone (diuretic) versus a CCB plus an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) in patients not responding to CCB monotherapy has not bee...

    Authors: Sang-Ho Jo, Sung-Ji Park, Eung Ju Kim, Soo-Joong Kim, Hyun-Jae Cho, Jong-Min Song, Jinho Shin, Jin Joo Park, Joon-Han Shin, Kyoo-Rok Han and Dong-Ju Choi
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:324
  24. Pro Kind is a German adaptation of the US Nurse Family Partnership program. It is an intervention based on home visits targeting first-time mothers from disadvantaged populations. Pro Kind was implemented as a...

    Authors: Sören Kliem, Malte Sandner, Anna Lohmann, Susan Sierau, Verena Dähne, Annette M. Klein and Tanja Jungmann
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:323
  25. Groin pain is a frequent complaint in surgical practice with an inguinal hernia being at the top of the differential diagnosis. The majority of inguinal hernias can be diagnosed clinically. However, patients w...

    Authors: Marleen M. Roos, Egbert-Jan M. M. Verleisdonk, Floris B. M. Sanders, Arno W. Hoes, Rebecca K. Stellato, Geert W. J. Frederix, Rogier K. J. Simmermacher and Josephina P. J. Burgmans
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:322
  26. This study evaluates a novel bronchodilator, S1226, for its efficacy in reversing allergen-induced bronchoconstriction in subjects with mild, allergic asthma. S1226 is a new class of bronchodilator that is an ...

    Authors: Veronica Swystun, Francis H. Y. Green, John H. Dennis, Emmanouil Rampakakis, Gurkeet Lalli, Morenike Fadayomi, Andrea Chiu, Grishma Shrestha, Sharif Galal El Shahat, David Evan Nelson, Tamer Y. El Mays, Cora A. Pieron and Richard Leigh
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:321
  27. Interpersonal violence can significantly reduce adolescents’ opportunities for becoming happy and healthy adults. Central America is the most violent region in the world and it is estimated that adolescents ar...

    Authors: Anilena Mejia, Richard Emsley, Eleonora Fichera, Wadih Maalouf, Jeremy Segrott and Rachel Calam
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:320
  28. Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is associated with the development of adverse pulmonary and non-pulmonary outcomes in very premature infants. Various modes of non-invasive respiratory support are increas...

    Authors: Xing-Wang Zhu, Yuan Shi, Li-Ping Shi, Ling Liu, Jiang Xue and Rangasamy Ramanathan
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:319
  29. Morphine is worldwide the analgesic of first choice after cardiac surgery in children. Morphine has unwanted hemodynamic and respiratory side effects. Therefore, post–cardiac surgery patients may potentially b...

    Authors: Gerdien A. Zeilmaker-Roest, Joost van Rosmalen, Monique van Dijk, Erik Koomen, Nicolaas J. G. Jansen, Martin C. J. Kneyber, Sofie Maebe, Greet van den Berghe, Dirk Vlasselaers, Ad J. J. C. Bogers, Dick Tibboel and Enno D. Wildschut
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:318
  30. Despite the evidence that many stroke survivors report longer term unmet needs, the provision of longer term care is limited. To address this, we are conducting a programme of research to develop an evidence-b...

    Authors: Anne Forster, Suzanne Hartley, Lorna Barnard, Seline Ozer, Natasha Hardicre, Tom Crocker, Marie Fletcher, Lauren Moreau, Ross Atkinson, Claire Hulme, Ivana Holloway, Laetitia Schmitt, Allan House, Jenny Hewison, Gillian Richardson and Amanda Farrin
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:317
  31. Hypophasis is one of the most frequently observed sequelae of patients with Bell’s palsy, who have not recovered completely, creating a clinical difficulty for physicians. Acupuncture therapy has been widely u...

    Authors: Xiaoyan Li, Chunlan Chen, Chuang Zhao, Zunyuan Li, Wei Liang and Zhidan Liu
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:316
  32. Prior studies indicate that stratified care for low back pain results in better clinical outcome and reduced costs in healthcare compared to current practice. Stratified care may be associated with clinical be...

    Authors: Lars Morso, Berit Schiøttz-Christensen, Jens Søndergaard, Nils-Bo de Vos Andersen, Flemming Pedersen, Kim Rose Olsen, Morten Sall Jensen, Jonathan Hill and David Høyrup Christiansen
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:315
  33. Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disease that is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. The main symptoms include dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain...

    Authors: Ruining Liang, Peishuang Li, Xuemei Peng, Ling Xu, Pei Fan, Jiahua Peng, Xu Zhou, Chunlin Xiao and Miao Jiang
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:314
  34. Preterm birth (birth before 37 weeks of gestation) and its complications are the leading contributors to neonatal and under-5 mortality. The majority of neonatal deaths in Kenya and Uganda occur during the int...

    Authors: Phelgona Otieno, Peter Waiswa, Elizabeth Butrick, Gertrude Namazzi, Kevin Achola, Nicole Santos, Ryan Keating, Felicia Lester and Dilys Walker
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:313
  35. There are high rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in ethnically diverse, sexually active students aged 16–24 years attending London further education (FE) colleges. However, uptake of chlamydia sc...

    Authors: Rachel Phillips, Pippa Oakeshott, Sarah Kerry-Barnard and Fiona Reid
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:312

    The Study protocol to this article has been published in Trials 2018 19:311

  36. Sexually active young people attending London further education (FE) colleges have high rates of chlamydia, but screening rates are low. We will conduct a cluster randomised feasibility trial of frequent, rapi...

    Authors: Sarah Kerry-Barnard, Charlotte Fleming, Fiona Reid, Rachel Phillips, Vari M. Drennan, Elisabeth J. Adams, Wendy Majewska, Anjella Balendra, Emma Harding-Esch, Emma Cousins, S. Tariq Sadiq and Pippa Oakeshott
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:311

    The Update to this article has been published in Trials 2018 19:312

  37. Amidst the high disease burden, non-adherence to medications among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been reported to be common and devastating. Sarawak Pharmaceutical Services Division has for...

    Authors: Chuo Yew Ting, Shahren Ahmad Zaidi Adruce, Mohamed Azmi Hassali, Hiram Ting, Chien Joo Lim, Rachel Sing-Kiat Ting, Abu Hassan Alshaari Abd Jabar, Nor Anizah Osman, Izzul Syazwan Shuib, Shing Chyi Loo, Sui Theng Sim, Su Ee Lim and Donald E. Morisky
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:310

    The Correction to this article has been published in Trials 2019 20:267

  38. Fatigue is one of the most disabling symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) and contributes to diminishing quality of life. Although currently available interventions have had limited success in relieving MS-rela...

    Authors: Terry Wahls, Maria O. Scott, Zaidoon Alshare, Linda Rubenstein, Warren Darling, Lucas Carr, Karen Smith, Catherine A. Chenard, Nicholas LaRocca and Linda Snetselaar
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:309
  39. There is controversy regarding whether increasing isolated soy protein (ISP) with or without flaxseed oil (FO), as functional foods, would lead to reduce muscle catabolism and cachexia in burn patients.

    Authors: Siavash Babajafari, Abdollah Hojhabrimanesh, Zahra Sohrabi, Mehdi Ayaz, Ali Noorafshan and Atefeh Akrami
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:308
  40. Delirium during intensive care unit (ICU) stay is frequent and associated with significant morbidity, mortality and healthcare-related costs. International guidelines suggest its prevention. However, curative ...

    Authors: Clémence Louis, Thomas Godet, Gérald Chanques, Nathalie Bourguignon, Dominique Morand, Bruno Pereira and Jean-Michel Constantin
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:307
  41. Low back pain is a common and costly condition. Spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) is a treatment supported in some guidelines, although most clinical trials examining SMT report small effect sizes. Enhancing t...

    Authors: Julie M. Fritz, Jason A. Sharpe, Elizabeth Lane, Doug Santillo, Tom Greene and Gregory Kawchuk
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:306
  42. Studies have suggested the reduced effectiveness of vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream infections with high vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations. Alternative...

    Authors: Shirin Kalimuddin, Yvonne F. Z. Chan, Rachel Phillips, Siew Pei Ong, Sophia Archuleta, David Chien Lye, Thuan Tong Tan and Jenny G. H. Low
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:305
  43. Following surgical fixation of ankle fractures, the traditional management has included immobilisation for 6 weeks in a below-knee cast. However, this can lead to disuse atrophy of the affected leg and joint s...

    Authors: Paul A. Matthews, Brigitte E. Scammell, Arfan Ali, Timothy Coughlin, Jessica Nightingale, Tanvir Khan and Ben J. Ollivere
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:304
  44. Upper limb dysfunction is common after stroke, posing an important challenge for post-stroke rehabilitation. The clinical efficacy of acupuncture for the recovery of post-stroke upper limb function has been pr...

    Authors: Ying Xu, Shufang Lin, Cai Jiang, Xiaoqian Ye, Jing Tao, Schupp Wilfried, Alex W. K. Wong, Lidian Chen and Shanli Yang
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:303
  45. Dengue and other arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, including Zika and chikungunya, present an increasing public health challenge in tropical regions. Current vector control strategies have fail...

    Authors: Katherine L. Anders, Citra Indriani, Riris Andono Ahmad, Warsito Tantowijoyo, Eggi Arguni, Bekti Andari, Nicholas P. Jewell, Edwige Rances, Scott L. O’Neill, Cameron P. Simmons and Adi Utarini
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:302

    The Update to this article has been published in Trials 2020 21:429

  46. Meta-analyses of studies on psychological treatment of refugees describe highly varying outcomes, and research on multi-facetted and personalized treatment of refugees with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD...

    Authors: Bolette Daniels Beck, Steen Teis Lund, Ulf Søgaard, Erik Simonsen, Thomas Christian Tellier, Torben Oluf Cordtz, Gunnar Hellmund Laier and Torben Moe
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:301
  47. While women are under-represented in research on cardiovascular disease (CVD), little is known about the attitudes of men and women with CVD regarding participation in clinical research studies/clinical trials.

    Authors: Thomas S. Gruca, Wesley J. Hottel, Janine Comstock, Anna Olson and Gary E. Rosenthal
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:300
  48. Treatment of non-union remains challenging and often necessitates augmentation of the resulting defect with an autologous bone graft (ABG). ABG is limited in quantity and its harvesting incurs an additional su...

    Authors: Michael C. Tanner, Raban Heller, Fabian Westhauser, Matthias Miska, Thomas Ferbert, Christian Fischer, Simone Gantz, Gerhard Schmidmaier and Patrick Haubruck
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:299
  49. Randomised controlled clinical trials typically have a relatively brief in-trial follow-up period which can underestimate safety signals and fail to detect long-term hazards, which may take years to appear. Ex...

    Authors: Rebecca Llewellyn-Bennett, Danielle Edwards, Nia Roberts, Atticus H. Hainsworth, Richard Bulbulia and Louise Bowman
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:298
  50. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has become a leading cause of death among young people worldwide. Survivors may live with a long-term TBI-related disability or even develop a disorder of consciousness resulting i...

    Authors: Jie Liu, Xinsheng Xue, Ying Wu, Chaohua Yang, Ning Li and Huiping Li
    Citation: Trials 2018 19:296

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