Table 2 Eligibility criteria for the WONDER-01 trial

Patients with WON defined by the revised Atlanta classification [2]

WON inaccessible via the EUS-guided approach

The longest diameter of WON is 4 cm or larger

A LAMS in situ

Patients requiring drainage for WON

Coagulopathy (platelet count < 50,000/mm³ or PT-INR > 1.5)

Patients with symptoms due to WON (e.g. infection, GI symptoms, or jaundice)

Antithrombotic agents cannot be discontinued according to the JGES guideline [29]

Patients aged 18 years or older

Patients who do not tolerate endoscopic procedures

Patients or their representatives provide informed consent

Pregnant women

Patients considered inappropriate for inclusion by the investigators