Effects of an 8-week multimodal exercise program on ground reaction forces and plantar pressure during walking in boys with autism spectrum disorder

Dehghani, Mahrokh; Jafarnezhadgero, Amir Ali; Darvishani, Mohamad Abdollahpour; Aali, Shirin; Granacher, Urs

doi:10.1186/s13063-023-07158-7

Trials

Table 4 Group-specific mean values and standard deviations for vertical ground reaction force (% of body mass), time to peak force (ms), and loading rate (N/kg/s) during walking at constant speed in ASD boys

From: Effects of an 8-week multimodal exercise program on ground reaction forces and plantar pressure during walking in boys with autism spectrum disorder

Variable	Component	Intervention				Waiting control				Main effect of time (p-value, Cohen’s d)	Main effect of group (p-value, Cohen’s d)	Group × time interaction (p-value, Cohen’s d)
Variable	Component	Pre	Post	Δ %	95% CI	Pre	Post	Δ %	95% CI	Main effect of time (p-value, Cohen’s d)	Main effect of group (p-value, Cohen’s d)	Group × time interaction (p-value, Cohen’s d)
Vertical ground reaction force	Fz_HC	1014.34 ± 168.70	811.83 ± 147.89	− 19.96	106.71–298.29	947.11 ± 221.76	959.56±138.39	1.31	− 210.78–185.89	0.071 (0.810)	0.424 (0.346)	*0.043 (0.915)**
	Fz_MS	736.03 ± 91.85	672.06 ± 162.05	− 8.69	− 71.50–199.44	743.92 ± 167.90	671.38±176.23	− 9.75	− 11.35–156.42	0.073 (0.804)	0.944 (0.000)	0.907 (0.063)
	Fz_PO	969.86 ± 221.30	856.46 ± 219.21	− 11.69	− 97.34–324.14	947.27 ± 197.53	923.34±213.48	− 2.52	− 166.66–214.51	0.299 (0.454)	0.708 (0.168)	0.496 (0.293)
Time to peak force	Fz_HC	159.83 ± 32.04	156.74 ± 16.21	− 1.93	− 19.94–26.11	163.19 ± 50.43	159.41±38.40	− 2.31	− 31.71–39.27	0.725 (0.155)	0.712 (0.155)	0.971 (0.000)
	Fz_MS	296.16 ± 50.43	290.66 ± 48.68	− 1.85	− 32.97–43.97	283.05 ± 49.12	284.77±37.82	0.60	− 41.89–38.44	0.883 (0.063)	0.514 (0.286)	0.778 (0.127)
	Fz_PO	438.75 ± 60.94	373.74 ± 27.75	− 14.81	17.63–112.37	411.66 ± 70.10	417.79±37.76	1.48	− 63.53–51.27	0.096 (0.742)	0.516 (0.278)	*0.047 (0.896)**
Loading rate	Vertical	6.53 ± 1.51	5.18 ± 0.82	− 20.67	0.42–2.28	5.89 ± 1.31	6.32±1.66	7.30	− 2.06–1.19	0.293 (0.459)	0.493 (0.300)	*0.048 (0.896)**
Walking stance time (ms)		612.19±82.68	596.86 ± 65.06	− 2.50	− 47.76–78.43	600.27 ± 68.49	599.05 ± 59.52	− 0.20	− 49.64–52.09	0.657 (0.191)	0.824 (0.090)	0.705 (0.168)

Fz_HC peak vertical ground reaction force at heel contact, Fz_MS vertical ground reaction force during mid-stance, Fz_PO peak vertical ground reaction force during the push-off phase, CI confidence interval, d Cohen’s d
^*Significant level P < 0.05

Back to article page

ISSN: 1745-6215

Contact us

Submission enquiries: Access here and click Contact Us
General enquiries: info@biomedcentral.com