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Table 3 Group-specific baseline data for vertical ground reaction force (% of body mass), time to peak force (ms), loading rate (N/kg/s), and peak pressure (kPa)

From: Effects of an 8-week multimodal exercise program on ground reaction forces and plantar pressure during walking in boys with autism spectrum disorder

Variable

Component

Intervention, mean ± SD

Waiting control, mean ± SD

95% CI

p-value

Vertical ground reaction force

FzHC

1014.34 ± 168.70

947.11 ± 221.76

− 12.44, 10.86

0.412

FzMS

736.03 ± 91.85

743.92 ± 167.90

− 20.49, 20.01

0.888

FzPO

969.86 ± 221.30

947.27 ± 197.53

− 15.51, 20.03

0.794

Time to peak forces

FzHC

159.83 ± 32.04

163.19 ± 50.43

− 30.37, 23.65

0.799

FzMS

296.16 ± 50.43

283.05 ± 49.12

− 29.41, 18.72

0.526

FzPO

438.75 ± 60.94

411.66 ± 70.10

− 29.03, 55.25

0.323

Loading rate

Vertical

6.53 ± 1.51

5.89 ± 1.31

− 0.55, 1.84

0.279

Walking stance time (ms)

Walking stance time (ms)

612.19 ± 82.68

600.27 ± 68.49

− 52.36, 30.99

0.704

Peak pressure

Toe 1

88.43 ± 21.70

77.80 ± 22.29

− 8.00, 29.25

0.249

Toe 2-5

35.87 ± 18.08

38.95 ± 19.06

− 18.81, 12.66

0.688

Metatarsal 1

67.44 ± 14.78

63.34 ± 9.10

− 6.28, 14.50

0.423

Metatarsal 2

98.09 ± 29.21

87.50 ± 28.63

− 13.90, 35.07

0.380

Metatarsal 3

78.96 ± 19.76

75.63 ± 12.16

− 10.56, 17.22

0.624

Metatarsal 4

64.90 ± 24.52

61.04 ± 14.97

− 13.34, 21.06

0.647

Metatarsal 5

46.38 ± 15.85

52.29 ± 22.62

− 22.45, 10.26

0.466

Midfoot

36.29 ± 12.33

41.19 ± 8.75

− 13.95, 4.15

0.274

Medial heel

95.50 ± 28.49

78.43 ± 29.28

− 14.68, 29.60

0.162

Lateral heel

83.70 ± 22.67

76.24 ± 29.22

− 14.75, 29.68

0.492

  1. SD standard deviation, FzHC peak vertical ground reaction force during heel contact, FzMS vertical ground reaction force during mid-stance, FzPO peak vertical ground reaction force during the push-off phase