Table 2 Workwell process evaluation research questions and data sources
Aims | Research questions | Data source(s) | Method(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
Measure fidelity to the intervention | What is the intervention frequency and duration? What is the intervention coverage? | • Treatment records (timing, duration of meetings, delivery method); treatment log in Workwell treatment notes • Recruitment rates; reasons for non-participation; attendance; and withdrawals | Quantitative |
What is the content of the Workwell intervention? What is the content of usual care? | • Intervention content analysis of WES-RC and Workwell treatment notes • Patient-reported resource use data • 6m questionnaire data (other work services accessed) | Quantitative and qualitative | |
Was the intervention delivered with fidelity? What factors affect implementation fidelity? (context, adherence, moderating factors) | • Fidelity checklist: assessing audio recordings of WES-RC interviews; WES-RC and treatment notes; matching treatment plans to treatment note contents • Feedback to therapists on mock WES-RC performance • Mentoring records • Workwell therapist interviews • Interviews with participants (treatment as expected; satisfaction with intervention) • JRVR satisfaction item in 6-month questionnaire | Quantitative and qualitative | |
Determine Workwell therapists’ ability to deliver intervention | Are the Workwell occupational therapists confident and able to deliver the Workwell intervention? | • Therapist own assessment pre- and post-Workwell training • Individual therapist performance in mock WES-RC and treatment plan • Therapist interviews | Quantitative and qualitative |
Understand the social and structural context and identify factors which may influence intervention quality (enablers and barriers, contextual factors associated with variations in outcome across the intervention groups, factors supporting implementation into routine practice) | What is the context for intervention delivery? Pathway for referral to occupational therapy for work advice? What services are in place for supporting patients to stay in work? What are the occupational therapy staffing levels at the site? | • Pre-trial site survey of existing work services • Therapist interviews of work service at baseline | Quantitative and qualitative |
Are there any proposed JRVR service developments or changes in practice in place/ planned at site? | • Pre-trial site survey of existing work services • Therapist interviews of work service at baseline • Therapist interviews post-Workwell provision | Quantitative and qualitative | |
What are the Workwell occupational therapists’ perceptions of the training and mentoring to deliver the intervention? | • Questionnaire pre- and post-training • Therapist interviews | Quantitative and qualitative | |
How do the Workwell therapists experience delivering the intervention? | • Workwell therapist interviews • Mentoring records | Qualitative | |
What are the social and structural factors supporting or acting as barriers to intervention implementation? | • Workwell therapist interviews • Workwell therapist line manager interviews • Participant interviews • Participant employer interviews • Focus group with therapists • PPI group interviews with participants | Qualitative | |
How do participants’ experience being supported to stay at work? How do employers view the Workwell intervention? | • Participant interviews • Participant employer interviews | Qualitative | |
Identify potential contaminants | What factors threaten the success of the trial? | • Patient-reported resource use data (changes to workplace data) • 6m questionnaire data (other work services accessed) • Therapist interviews | Quantitative and qualitative |