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Table 2 Inclusion and exclusion criteria for the PREOP-ECHO trial

From: PRE-OPerative ECHOcardiograhy for prevention of cardiovascular events after non-cardiac surgery in intermediate- and high-risk patients: protocol for a low-interventional, mixed-cohort prospective study design (PREOP-ECHO)

Inclusion criteria

• Aged 18 to 90 years

• Plan to undergo elective non-cardiac surgery

Randomized controlled trial

(Intermediate-risk group)

Prospective cohort study

(high-risk group)

• Intermediate-risk surgery with less than three clinical risk factors

• Intermediate-risk surgery with three or more clinical risk factors or

• High-risk surgery regardless of the number of clinical risk factors

Exclusion criteria

• Current symptoms or signs requiring transthoracic echocardiography

• Poor functional capacity (< 4 METs)

• Life expectancy less than 6 months

• Emergent surgery

• Low-risk surgery

• Participants who underwent TTE within 3 months before study enrollment

  1. TTE transthoracic echocardiography, MET metabolic equivalent of task