Table 2 Inclusion and exclusion criteria for study A

Inclusion criteria

 Patients receiving VA-ECMO for any reason within 24 h

 Provision of informed consent

Exclusion criteria

 Age < 18 years

 Receiving ECMO bridging to heart transplantation

 With convention indication of CRRT: AKI prior to enrollment caused by any reason, at least one of the following criteria is met:

  Severe hyperkalemia (> 6.5 mmol/L)

  Metabolic acidosis (pH < 7.2)

  Pulmonary edema

  Blood urea nitrogen level > 112 mg/dL

  Oliguria (urine output < 200 mL/12 h) for more than 72 h

 CKD, with estimated GFR<30 mL/min

 Have already initiated CRRT

 Active hemorrhage/thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

 Receiving ECMO again during hospitalization or respiratory failure has already initiated VV-ECMO or extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal device before the initiation of VA-ECMO of this time