Table 2 Breathing exercise skills of patients in the intervention 1 group at the first and last follow-up

Sit comfortably and breathe through your nose for 2–3 s like smelling flowers

3

32

29

0

<0.001

Purse your lips like whistling and exhale slowly.

4

32

28

0

<0.001

Try to exhale from just your lips in 4–6 s

0

31

32

1

<0.001

Exhale like blowing the flame of a candle but not extinguishing it.

1

31

31

1

<0.001

Do not inflate your cheeks and do not tighten your abdominal muscles while exhaling

2

31

30

1

<0.001

Take a normal comfortable breath after 2 or 3 applications in a row

0

32

32

0

<0.001

Continue this exercise for about 10 min, but rest when you have difficulty

0

32

32

0

<0.001

Rest for 10 min after the exercise and move on to the drug application steps

0

31

32

1

<0.001