Table 1 Eligibility criteria

1. Men and women, 19-60 years of age.

2. Confirmed diagnosis of traumatic SCI at the cervical or thoracic level (C7-T12), classified as A, B, C, or D (motor and sensory complete or incomplete) on the AIS scale.

3. At least 3 years post-injury.

4. Able to independently operate an arm ergometer.

5. Have access to a wireless internet connection.

6. Medically stable, able to provide informed consent.

1. Cardiovascular or renal diseases.

2. Pregnant women

3.Orthopedic conditions that prevents arm ergometry

4. Upper extremity musculoskeletal conditions that prevents arm ergometry.

5. Neurological disorder that prevents arm ergometry

6. Participation in a structured exercise program currently or in the past 3 months.

7. Unable to perform exercise interventions