Table 5 Baseline predictors

Demographics

Age [87], gender [87], educational attainment employment status [87], occupation/industry [88], marital/relationship status [87], number of children [87]

Depression history and features

Depression symptom severity [64, 89]; Melancholic features [90,91,92]; Mixed features [91, 93, 94]; Anhedonia [95, 96]; Atypical depression [64, 89, 90, 97], Endogenous depression [98,99,100]; History and persistence [98,99,100]; Suicidality [101,102,103]

Other comorbid disorders/symptoms

Anxiety [64, 91, 99]; Panic [99]; Anger [98]; Irritability [64]; Dissociative symptoms [91, 99]; PTSD [104, 105]; Substance use/abuse [87, 106]; Psychotic symptoms (exclusionary); Bipolar disorder (exclusionary); Personality disorders [1, 107, 108]; Other comorbid disorders [98, 109, 110]; Somatization/somatic anxiety [91, 111,112,113,114]; Sleep problems [115]; Pain [98, 116, 117]; Role functioning/impairment [118]

Stress and adversity

High current stress [98]; Stressful life events [98, 119, 120]; Childhood trauma and maltreatment [121,122,123,124]; Parental bonding [125]; History of Traumatic Brain Injury [98]; Social media use [126]; Social support [99, 127]; Perceived belongingness and burdensomeness [128]; Loneliness [129]; Religiosity [98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130]; Masculinity norms [131,132,133]

Personality traits and temperament

Alexithymia [134]; Attentional control [135]; Attachment style [136]; Emotional regulation [137]; Self-blame [138]; Positive reappraisal [138]; Coping ability [64]; Life satisfaction [64]; General sense of well-being [64]; Positive sense of mental health [64]; Posttraumatic growth [139]; Perceived self-efficacy/control [140]; Resilience [141,142,143]; Stress reactivity [144]; Hopelessness [145]; Rumination [146]; Negative affect/neuroticism [84, 147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156]; Emotionality [149, 156]; Openness to experience [84, 98, 157]; Extraversion [84, 147, 148, 152, 153, 158]; Conscientiousness [84, 149, 152, 157]; Mastery [159]; Self-esteem [160]; Problem-solving ability [161]; Cyclothymic temperament [147, 148, 153, 162]; Hyperthymic temperament [147, 148]

Treatment engagement and related constructs

Healthcare utilization [94]; Continuity of care [163]; Health literacy [164]; eHealth literacy [165]; Treatment history [94]; Adherence [166,167,168]; Therapeutic alliance [169]; Patient-provider communication [170, 171]; Shared decision-making [79]; Patient preferences [172]; Acceptability and willingness [173]; Expected medication side effects [174]; Treatment expectancies [175]

Other

Concentration/decision making [176]