Table 2 Risk of bias for trials done in countries contributing 20 or more trials
From: Tolerating bad health research: the continuing scandal
Country | Number of trials | High | Unclear | Low |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Multinational | 193 | 100 (52%) | 48 (25%) | 45 (23%) |
Australia | 41 | 27 (66%) | 10 (24%) | 4 (10%) |
Brazil | 27 | 16 (59%) | 10 (37%) | 1 (4%) |
Canada | 40 | 26 (65%) | 12 (30%) | 2 (5%) |
China | 87 | 56 (64%) | 23 (26%) | 7 (8%) |
France | 31 | 11 (35%) | 16 (52%) | 4 (13%) |
Germany | 48 | 40 (83%) | 7 (15%) | 1 (2%) |
India | 48 | 35 (73%) | 6 (13%) | 5 (10%) |
Iran | 49 | 30 (61%) | 18 (37%) | 0 (0%) |
Italy | 47 | 30 (64%) | 17 (36%) | 0 (0%) |
Japan | 42 | 22 (52%) | 16 (38%) | 4 (10%) |
Korea | 32 | 18 (56%) | 11 (34%) | 1 (3%) |
Netherlands | 22 | 17 (77%) | 5 (23%) | 0 (0%) |
Spain | 29 | 25 (86%) | 2 (7%) | 1 (3%) |
Sweden | 26 | 16 (62%) | 7 (27%) | 2 (8%) |
Turkey | 32 | 18 (56%) | 9 (28%) | 2 (6%) |
UK | 114 | 63 (55%) | 38 (33%) | 12 (11%) |
USA | 280 | 168 (60%) | 98 (35%) | 12 (4%) |