Table 2 Mean changes of biochemical factors in the curcumin and placebo groups from baseline to 2-week intervention

RBC (× 10¹²/L)

Curcumin (N: 23)

5.00 ± 0.62

4.98 ± 0.58

0.668

− 0.02 ± 0.19

0.404

Placebo (N: 23)

4.83 ± 0.62

4.74 ± 0.48

0.246

− 0.09 ± 0.38

WBCs (×10⁹ L)

Curcumin (N: 23)

6.36 ± 1.73

6.33 ± 1.49

0.94

− 0.03 ± 1.68

0.053

Placebo (N: 23)

6.15 ± 1.68

7.22 ± 2.69

0.018

1.06 ± 1.97

Hb; g/dL

Curcumin (N: 23)

14.47 ± 10.51

14.55 ± 10.56

0.544

0.09 ± 0.67

0.418

Placebo (N: 23)

13.74 ± 11.47

14.29 ± 8.06

0.318

0.55 ± 2.59

Hct; %

Curcumin (N: 23)

42.60 ± 5.38

42.76 ± 5.33

0.721

0.17 ± 2.21

0.616

Placebo (N: 23)

40.72 ± 6.58

41.72 ± 4.18

0.525

1.00 ± 7.39

MCV; fL

Curcumin (N: 23)

85.49 ± 8.40

84.73 ± 11.47

0.600

− 0.76 ± 6.82

0.562

Placebo (N: 23)

88.38 ± 5.04

88.46 ± 5.14

0.819

0.08 ± 1.68

MCH; pg

Curcumin (N: 23)

29.03 ± 3.84

28.83 ± 4.27

0.658

0.19 ± 2.06

0.172

Placebo (N: 23)

29.90 ± 2.49

30.32 ± 2.64

0.003

0.42 ± 0.58

MCHC; g/dL

Curcumin (N: 23)

33.86 ± 1.78

33.90 ± 1.73

0.836

0.04 ± 0.91

0.081

Placebo (N: 23)

33.77 ± 7.29

34.25 ± 1.68

0.004

0.48 ± 0.72

RDW; %

Curcumin (N: 23)

13.45 ± 1.34

13.68 ± 1.58

0.039

0.23 ± 0.48

0.186

Placebo (N: 23)

13.41 ± 1.29

13.43 ± 1.39

0.885

0.02 ± 0.58

PLT; 10³/μL

Curcumin (N: 23)

262.28 ± 106.8

256.42 ± 67.29

0.772

− 5.85 ± 95.71

0.296

Placebo (N: 23)

203.9 ± 56.02

222.50 ± 70.61

0.150

18.55 ± 59.71

ESR; mm/h

Curcumin (N: 23)

11.28 ± 11.90

11.23 ± 10.85

0.760

− 0.59 ± 9.17

0.556

Placebo (N: 23)

15.69 ± 13.96

13.52 ± 9.31

0.256

− 2.17 ± 8.93

PT; seconds

Curcumin (N: 23)

10.58 ± 0.58

10.90 ± 1.01

0.161

0.31 ± 1.06

0.112

Placebo (N: 23)

10.87 ± 0.91

10.76 ± 0.86

0.466

− 0.12 ± 0.77

INR

Curcumin (N: 23)

1.02 ± 0.05

1.05 ± 0.10

0.184

0.03 ± 0.10

0.137

Placebo (N: 23)

1.05 ± 0.05

1.05 ± 0.10

0.539

− 0.01 ± 0.05

FBS, mg/dL

Curcumin (N: 23)

126.52 ± 77.52

126.78 ± 61.53

0.967

0.26 ± 30.19

0.633

Placebo (N: 23)

114.02 ± 42.34

109.61 ± 26.21

0.613

− 4.43 ± 41.47

LDH, U/L

Curcumin (N: 23)

320.18 ± 59.23

323.28 ±72.38

0.869

2.74 ± 79.06

0.630

Placebo (N: 23)

354.24 ± 72.38

345.04 ± 62.16

0.628

− 9.47 ± 91.44

ALT, U/L

Curcumin (N: 23)

25.52 ± 16.75

25.78 ± 14.73

0.288

− 2.74 ± 12.05

0.427

Placebo (N: 23)

40.26 ± 26.30

33.30 ± 18

0.146

− 6.95 ± 22.18

AST, U/L

Curcumin (N: 23)

22.61 ± 8.30

22.00 ± 7.20

0.636

− 0.61 ± 6.09

0.151

Placebo (N: 23)

31.78 ± 17.52

25.86 ± 6.29

0.960

− 5.92 ± 16.32

Chol, mg/dL

Curcumin (N: 23)

162.08 ± 33.22

181.34 ± 43.82

0.001

19.26 ± 24.67

0.800

Placebo (N: 23)

166.69 ± 38.30

188.08 ± 48.81

0.004

21.39 ± 31.53

TG, mg/dL

Curcumin (N: 23)

168.61 ± 134

144.00 ± 103

0.239

− 24.61 ± 97.6

0.206

Placebo (N: 23)

140.52 ± 54.7

144.57 ± 58.7

0.665

4.04 ± 44.2

VLDL, mg/dL

Curcumin (N: 23)

29.85 ± 14.59

26.61 ± 15.74

0.431

− 3.09 ± 18.48

0.365

Placebo (N: 23)

28.13 ± 10.80

28.82 ± 11.66

0.705

0.69 ± 8.69

LDL, mg/dL

Curcumin (N: 23)

95.00 ± 26.44

100.39 ± 33.21

0.086

5.39 ± 14.35

0.409

Placebo (N: 23)

98.48 ± 24.91

108.22 ± 29.57

0.333

9.74 ± 20.49

HDL, mg/dL

Curcumin (N:23)

41.39 ± 8.54

41.52 ± 5.18

0.932

0.13 ± 7.39

0.345

Placebo (N: 23)

38.43 ± 4.37

40.30 ± 5.47

0.068

1.87 ± 4.66

CRP; mg/L

Curcumin (N: 23)

4.12 ± 2.83

3.26 ± 11.47

0.254

− 0.86 ± 3.55

0.846

Placebo (N: 23)

3.54 ± 2.54

2.63 ± 8.30

0.047

− 1.04 ± 2.35

BUN, mg/dL

Curcumin (N: 23)

12.04 ± 2.78

12.04 ± 2.83

0.998

0.00 ± 2.16

0.824

Placebo (N: 23)

13.04 ± 3.46

13.21 ± 4.22

0.784

0.17 ± 3.02

Creatinine mg/dL

Curcumin (N: 23)

0.74 ± 0.09

0.56 ± 0.53

0.043

− 0.17 ± 0.38

0.468

Placebo (N: 23)

0.61 ± 0.48

0.52 ± 0.53

0.328

− 0.09 ± 0.43

GFR, mL/min

Curcumin (N: 23)

70.18 ± 19.39

75.86 ± 13.44

0.147

5.68 ± 19.44

0.231

Placebo (N: 23)

74.74 ± 17.52

75.26 ± 18.67

0.688

0.52 ± 6.14