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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
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Acute onset of hypoxemia (partial pressure of oxygen, arterial (PaO2)/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ≤ 300 mmHg) with new bilateral infiltrates in the setting of either a normal pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP ≤ 18 mmHg) or the absence of suspected of left atrial hypertension when PAWP was not available
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Atelectasis
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Collapse of the alveoli; lung opacification with a shift of the mediastinum, hilum, or hemidiaphragm toward the affected area; and compensatory over inflation in the adjacent non-atelectatic lung
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Bronchospasm
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Newly detected expiratory wheeze treated with bronchodilators
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Pleural effusion
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Chest radiograph demonstrating blunting of the costophrenic angle, evidence of displacement of adjacent anatomical structures, or (in supine position) a hazy opacity in one hemithorax with preserved vascular shadows
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Pneumothorax
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A collection of air in the pleural space (the area with no vascular bed surrounding the visceral pleura)
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Respiratory failure
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Postoperative PaO2 60 mmHg on room air, a PaO2/FiO2 < 300 mmHg, or arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation measured with pulse oximetry < 90% and requiring oxygen therapy
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Respiratory infection
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Treatment with antibiotics for a respiratory infection, plus at least one of the following criteria: new or changed sputum, new or changed lung opacities, fever, and leukocyte count > 12,000/mm3
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