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Table 5 Table of expected adverse events

From: Effect of high-flow nasal therapy on patient-centred outcomes in patients at high risk of postoperative pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery: a study protocol for a multicentre adaptive randomised controlled trial

Event

Further details (where applicable)

Acidosis

Arrhythmias

Including:

-Supraventricular tachycardia or atrial fibrillation requiring treatment

-VF/VT requiring intervention

Aspiration of stomach contents

Bleeding

Requiring:

-Transfusion

-Return to theatre

Escalation of respiratory support

For example: (unplanned NIV/CPAP/re-intubation and invasive ventilation)

GI complications

Including:

-Peptic ulcer/GI bleed/perforation

-Pancreatic (amylase /1500iu)

-Other (e.g. laparotomy, obstruction)

Haemodynamic support

Including use of:

-Any inotropes

-Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP)

-Need for invasive monitoring, e.g. pulmonary artery catheter

-Vasodilator

Infective complications

Including:

-Wound infection

-Respiratory infection

-Sepsis

Low cardiac output state

Requiring management with:

-Swan-Ganz catheter

-IABP

-Left ventricular assist device

Mediastinitis

Including:

-Requiring reoperation

Neurological complications

Including:

-Stroke

-Transient ischaemic attack (TIA)

Pain in sternal wound/legs/arms incision sites

Pneumothorax

Pulmonary complications

Including:

-Re-intubation and ventilation

-Tracheostomy

-Initiation of mask CPAP ventilation after weaning from ventilation

-ARDS

Re-admission to ICU

Renal complications

Including:

-New haemofiltration/dialysis

-Acute kidney injury

Resternotomy

Thromboembolic complications

Including:

-Deep vein thrombosis

-Pulmonary embolus

Wound dehiscence requiring rewiring or treatment