Table 3 Association of PPH with measures of maternal functioning after birth
From: Postpartum haemorrhage in anaemic women: assessing outcome measures for clinical trials
PPH definition | Fatigue (MSFI score) | 6-min walk test (metres)a | Moderate-extreme breathlessness | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Mean ± SD | Dif. in means (95% CI) | N | Mean ± SD | Dif. in means (95% CI) | n | N | (%) | RR (95% CI) | |
Clinical diagnosis of PPH | ||||||||||
 Yes | 304 | 3.8 ± 20.3 | 8.0 (5.7–10.4) | 291 | 154.1 ± 85.3 | − 21.3 (− 31.6 to − 11.0) | 46 | 281 | (16) | 1.97 (1.49–2.62) |
 No | 4102 | − 4.2 ± 15.5 |  | 3993 | 175.4 ± 97.7 |  | 327 | 3944 | (8) |  |
Blood loss ≥ 500 ml | ||||||||||
 Yes | 353 | 2.0 ± 19.9 | 6.1 (4.0–8.3) | 337 | 158.9 ± 85.5 | − 16.7 (− 26.3 to − 7.0) | 49 | 330 | (15) | 1.79 (1.35–2.37) |
 No | 4052 | − 4.1 ± 15.5 |  | 3946 | 175.3 ± 97.8 |  | 323 | 3894 | (8) |  |
Total blood volume lost ≥ 15% | ||||||||||
 Yes | 111 | 4.4 ± 20.2 | 8.3 (4.4–12.1) | 105 | 160.2 ± 87.7 | − 14.2 (− 32.9 to 4.6) | 16 | 102 | (16) | 1.82 (1.15–2.88) |
 No | 4294 | − 3.7 ± 15.8 |  | 4178 | 174.4 ± 97.2 |  | 356 | 3411 | (10) |  |
Peripartum Hb drop ≥ 20 g/L b | ||||||||||
 Yes | 150 | 4.7 ± 22.8 | 8.7 (5.0–12.4) | 147 | 187.8 ± 104.5 | 13.8 (− 2.2 to 29.8) | 27 | 141 | (19) | 2.31 (1.62–3.29) |
 No | 4211 | − 4.0 ± 15.5 |  | 4093 | 174.0 ± 97.0 |  | 335 | 4040 | (8) |  |
Peripartum Hb drop ≥ 10% b | ||||||||||
 Yes | 687 | − 0.8 ± 19.7 | 3.5 (1.9–5.0) | 670 | 180.9 ± 106.4 | 7.7 (− 1.0 to 16.3) | 91 | 655 | (14) | 1.81 (1.45–2.26) |
 No | 3674 | − 4.3 ± 15.1 |  | 3570 | 173.2 ± 95.5 |  | 271 | 3255 | (8) |  |
Calculated blood loss ≥ 1000 ml b | ||||||||||
 Yes | 353 | 2.2 ± 21.5 | 6.4 (4.1–8.7) | 347 | 184.1 ± 108.1 | 10.6 (− 1.3 to 22.4) | 51 | 337 | (15) | 1.87 (1.42–2.46) |
 No | 4004 | − 4.3 ± 15.2 |  | 3889 | 173.6 ± 96.3 |  | 311 | 3840 | (8) |  |
RBC transfusion within 24 h after delivery | ||||||||||
 Yes | 1105 | 0.4 ± 17.7 | 5.5 (4.4–6.7) | 1046 | 151.1 ± 88.4 | − 30.6 (− 36.9 to − 24.2) | 105 | 1032 | (10) | 1.20 (0.97–1.49) |
 No | 3267 | − 5.1 ± 15.0 |  | 3205 | 181.6 ± 98.6 |  | 267 | 3162 | (8) |  |
IV fluid within 24 h after delivery | ||||||||||
 Yes | 1863 | − 0.6 ± 17.3 | 5.5 (4.5–6.4) | 1818 | 161.0 ± 90.1 | − 24.0 (− 29.8 to − 18.2) | 211 | 1785 | (12) | 1.82 (1.49–2.22) |
 No | 2422 | − 6.1 ± 14.4 |  | 2349 | 185.0 ± 100.3 |  | 151 | 2326 | (6) |  |
TXA within 24 h after delivery | ||||||||||
 Yes | 245 | 4.8 ± 20.9 | 9.0 (6.3–11.7) | 240 | 148.9 ± 83.5 | − 26.5 (− 37.5 to − 15.5) | 38 | 230 | (17) | 1.97 (1.45–2.68) |
 No | 4160 | − 4.2 ± 15.5 |  | 4043 | 175.4 ± 97.6 |  | 335 | 3994 | (8) |  |
Postpartum uterotonics | ||||||||||
 Yes | 1274 | − 0.5 ± 17.8 | 4.5 (3.4–5.6) | 1157 | 144.6 ± 92.4 | − 40.2 (− 46.7 to − 33.8) | 117 | 1118 | (10) | 1.27 (1.03–1.56) |
 No | 3132 | − 5.0 ± 15.0 |  | 3127 | 184.9 ± 96.4 |  | 256 | 3107 | (8) |  |
Shock index ≥ 1 | ||||||||||
 Yes | 331 | 0.3 ± 19.9 | 4.3 (2.1 to 6.5) | 334 | 191.7 ± 103.0 | 19.3 (7.8 to 30.7) | 44 | 325 | (14) | 1.60 (1.20 to 2.15) |
 No | 4075 | − 4.0 ± 15.6 |  | 3950 | 172.5 ± 96.3 |  | 329 | 3900 | (8) |  |