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Table 1 Summary of outcome measures

From: Combined effects of vitamin D supplementation and endurance exercise training on insulin resistance in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with vitamin D deficiency: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Outcomes

Item

Device

Primary outcomes

 Insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion

The Matsuda index, the insulinogenic index, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β

OGTT

Fasting blood measurements

 Vitamin D level

Serum 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D

Fasting blood measurements

Secondary outcomes

 Body composition

Percent body fat, muscle mass

DXA

Waist circumference

Standard tape

 Metabolic indices

Fasting glucose (G0), fasting insulin (I0), HbA1c, triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein

Fasting blood measurements

 Ankle-brachial index

Blood pressure, ABI, baPWV

Validated automatic device

 Physical fitness factors

Peak oxygen uptake, maximal heart rate

Cycle ergometer

 

Hand grip strength

Hand grip dynamometer

  1. HOMA Homeostatic model assessment, IR Insulin resistance, 25(OH)D 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D, OGTT Oral glucose tolerance test, DXA Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, HbA1c Glycated hemoglobin, ABI Ankle-brachial index