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Table 2 Follow-up data of inflammatory outcomes and Sofa score between study groups

From: The effect of supplementation with vitamins A, B, C, D, and E on disease severity and inflammatory responses in patients with COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial

Variables (at day 7)

Group

Effect size**

P values of MD between groups

Supplementation

Placebo

Sofa score

3.00 (1.25)

5.50 (5.75)

− 1.1 (L)

< 0.001

 Median (IQR) of change from baseline

− 3.50 (1.50)

− 2.00 (4.00)

P value

< 0.001

0.478

WBC count, × 109/L

9.30 (4.82)

11.05 (3.55)

0.3 (S)

0.209

 Median (IQR) of change from baseline

2.65 (4.10)

3.50 (5.32)

P value

0.001

< 0.001

Neutrophil count, ×  109/L*

71.32 (17.78)

74.26 (11.15)

− 0.2 (S)

0.494

 Mean change from baseline

− 6.40 (17.47)

− 3.97 (8.29)

P value

0.054

0.014

ESR*

43. 83 (27.07)

68.30 (35.89)

− 1.0 (L)

< 0.001

 Mean change from baseline

− 32.36 (19.68)

0.60 (43.24)

P value

< 0.001

0.782

CRP*

34.00 (37.16)

93.07 (56.08)

− 0.9 (L)

0.001

 Mean change from baseline

− 64.10 (55.76)

− 12.76 (57.50)

P value

< 0.001

0.234

IL6

86.80 (102.50)

130.20 (254.25)

− 0.8 (M)

0.003

 Median (IQR) of change from baseline

− 86.70 (92.10)

− 22.75 (105.62)

P value

< 0.001

0.045

TNF-ɑ

99.25 (80.72)

144.95 (328.18)

− 0.6 (M)

0.001

 Median (IQR) of change from baseline

− 96.00 (158.42)

− 20.70 (100.70)

P value

< 0.001

0.043

IFN-γ

38.00 (52.82)

74.30 (114.60)

− 0.5 (S)

0.089

 Median (IQR) of change from baseline

− 42.35 (77.42)

− 29.95 (102.75)

P value

< 0.001

0.016

  1. WBC, white blood cell; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP, C-reactive protein; IL6, interleukin-6; TNF-ɑ, tumor necrosis factor-ɑ; IFN-γ, interferon gamma; S, small: 0.2; M, moderate: 0.5; L, large: 0.8
  2. *Normally distributed variables
  3. **The effect sizes were calculated by Cohen’s d formula or Cliff’s delta statistic