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Table 1 Riker’s Sedation-Agitation Scale

From: Comparing the effects of dexmedetomidine versus propofol on the treatment of emergence agitation in adult patients after general anesthesia: study protocol for a randomized, superiority, controlled trial (DP-TEA Trial)

7

Dangerous agitation

Pulling at tracheal tube, trying to remove catheters, climbing over the bed rail, striking at staff, thrashing from side to side

6

Very agitated

Does not calm down despite frequent verbal reminders of limits, require physical restraints, biting endotracheal tube

5

Agitated

Anxious or mildly agitated, attempting to sit up, calms down with verbal instructions

4

Non-agitated

Calm and cooperative

3

Sedated

Calm, awakens easily, follows commands, difficult to arouse, awakens to verbal stimuli or gentle shaking, but drifts off again, follows simple commands

2

Very sedated

Arouses to physical stimuli but does not communicate or follow commands, may move spontaneously

1

Unarousable

Minimal or no response to noxious stimuli, does not communicate or follow commands