Fig. 2

Schematic representations of the three walking assessments and the related outcome measures; A standard 10MWT, B 10MWT with physical context, comprising three obstacles (at 2.0 m, 7.5 m, and 9.0 m, of length × width × height 9.0 × 20.0 × 4.5 cm, 4.5 × 20.0 × 9.0 cm and 33.0 × 21.0 × 11.5 cm, respectively), a 2-m tandem-walking path (with a width of 20 cm) and three stepping targets (participants’ shoe length + 4 cm by shoe width + 4 cm), C IWW obstacles, a 6.6 × 0.9-m walkway instrumented with multiple Microsoft Kinect for Windows sensors and a projector to present two suddenly appearing obstacles (projected red rectangles of 0.4 × 0.9 m) in a gait-dependent (i.e., one obstacle at a predicted foot-placement position appearing two steps ahead) and a position-dependent (i.e., one obstacle at an unpredictable but predefined position appearing when a participant’s ankle was within 2 m from that obstacle) manner. Participants performed those assessments with and without a cognitive dual task