Table 3 Mean change from baseline in within-group and in between-group for the outcome measures immediately and session 6 after intervention
Outcome measure | Within-group mean difference (95% CI) | Between-group mean difference (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Experimental group (n=14) | Comparison group (n=14) | ||
PPT (kPa) | |||
 Cervical spine | |||
  Immediately | 35 (−4.6, 75.4) | −12 (−52.2, 27.8) | 48 (−9.0, 104) |
  Session 6 | 124a (57, 191.1) | 67 (−.43, 133.7) | 57 (−37.4, 152.2) |
 C7 hand | |||
  Immediately | −2 (−58.9, 63.7) | 13 (−48.4, 74.3) | −15 (−102.0, 71.5) |
  Session 6 | 99a (3.6, 194.9) | 83.6 (−12.1, 179.4) | 16 (−119.7, 151.0) |
 Affected dermatome | |||
  Immediately | −19 (−95.0, 56.9) | −30 (−106.3, 45.6) | 11 (−96.1, 118.7) |
  Session 6 | 75 (−27.5, 177.4) | 23 (−79.8, 125.1) | 52 (−92.5, 197.2) |
 Tibialis anterior | |||
  Immediately | −37 (−117.2, 44.1) | 1 (−79.3, 81.9) | −38 (−152.0, 76.2) |
  Session 6 | 79 (−5.8, 162.9) | 83 (−1.7, 166.9) | −4 (−123.4, 115.3) |
HPT (°C) | |||
 Cervical spine | |||
  Immediately | 0.6 (−1.5, 2.8) | −2.3 (−4.5, −0.2) | 3.0 (−0.1, 6.0) |
  Session 6 | 0 (−2.0, 2.1) | −0.6 (−2.7, 1.4) | 0.6 (−2.3, 3.5) |
 C7 hand | |||
  Immediately | 0.1 (1.0, 1.4) | −0.5 (−1.7, 0.7) | 0.6 (−1.0, 2.3) |
  Session 6 | 0.1 (−2.1, 2.4) | −1.6 (−3.8, 0.7) | 1.7 (−1.5, 4.8) |
 Affected dermatome | |||
  Immediately | −1.1 (−3.0, 3.1) | 0.0 (−1.8, 1.8) | −1.1 (−3.7, 1.6) |
  Session 6 | −0.3 (−3.7, 3.1) | −1.1 (−4.3, 2.2) | 0.8 (−3.9, 5.4) |
 Tibialis anterior | |||
  Immediately | 0.4 (−0.7, 1.4) | −0.8 (−1.9, 0.2) | 1.2 (−0.3, 2.7) |
  Session 6 | 0.5 (−1.0, 1.9) | −0.1 (−1.7, 1.3) | 0.6 (−1.5, 2.7) |
CPT (°C) | |||
 Cervical spine | |||
  Immediately | −1.8 (−6.8, 3.2) | −3.4 (−8.4, 1.6) | −1.6 (−8.7, 5.4) |
  Session 6 | 1.7 (−3.6, 6.9) | −2.9 (−8.2, 2.3) | −4.7 (−12.1, 2.8) |
 C7 hand | |||
  Immediately | −3.5 (−6.8, −0.4) | −1.3 (−4.4, 2.0) | 2.4 (−2.2, 6.9) |
  Session 6 | −0.9 (−5.4, 3.5) | −2.2 (−6.6, 2.3) | −1.2 (−7.4, 5.1) |
 Affected dermatome | |||
  Immediately | −1.3 (−6.5, 3.7) | −2.3 (−7.2, 2.5) | −0.9 (−8.0, 6.1) |
  Session 6 | 0.6 (−4.5, 5.5) | −2.4 (−7.2, 2.3) | −3.0 (−9.9, 4.0) |
 Tibialis anterior | |||
  Immediately | −3.2 (−5.9, −0.3) | 0.2 (−2.5, 3.0) | 3.3 (−0.6, 7.3) |
  Session 6 | −2.2 (−5.9, 1.6) | 1.7 (2.0, 5.5) | 3.9 (−1.4, 9.1) |
NPRS (0-10) | |||
 Immediately | 1.8a (0.8, 2.8) | 0.4 (−0.6, 1.3) | −1.4a (−2.8, −0.0) |
 Session 6 | 3.9a (2.4, 5.2) | 1.2 (−0.2, 2.6) | −2.6a (−4.6, −0.7) |
NDI (0-50) | |||
 Immediately | --- | --- | --- |
 Session 6 | 16.2a (9.4, 23.0) | 2.4 (−4.3, 9.1) | −14.0a (−23.3, −4.3) |
Cervical ROM (degree) | |||
 Flexion | |||
  Immediately | 4 (−3.4, 10.1) | 4 (−2.6, 11.0) | −0.8 (−10.4, 8.8) |
  Session 6 | 5 (−2.1, 11.5) | 4 (−2.4, 11.2) | 0.3 (−9.3, 10.0) |
 Extension | |||
  Immediately | 0 (−5.8, 6.1) | −3 (−9.2, 2.7) | 3.1 (−5.3, 11.5) |
  Session 6 | 10a (1.3, 17.7) | −4 (−12.6, 3.8) | 14.0a (2.3, 25.5) |
 Rotation (affected) | |||
  Immediately | 6a (0.6, 12.1) | −2 (−8.1, 3.4) | 8.7a (0.6, 16.8) |
  Session 6 | 12a (7.7, 17.4) | −3 (−7.9, 1.8) | 15.6a (8.8, 22.5) |
 Rotation (unaffected) | |||
  Immediately | 3 (−3.4, 56.9) | 0 (−5.6, 5.9) | 2.1 (−6.0, 10.2) |
  Session 6 | 4 (−1.7, 8.3) | 1 (−4.2, 5.9) | 2.4 (−4.7, 9.5) |
 Lateral flexion (affected) | |||
  Immediately | 7a (1.6, 11.4) | 0 (−4.8, 5.0) | 6.5 (−0.5, 13.4) |
  Session 6 | 8a (3.2, 13.4) | −1 (−1.3, 13.4) | 9.5a (2.3, 16.8) |
 Lateral flexion (unaffected) | |||
  Immediately | −1 (−4.6, 3.1) | 0 (−4.1, 3.7) | −1.0 (−6.4, 4.5) |
  Session 6 | 0 (−4.2, 4.9) | −1 (−5.4, 3.5) | 1.4 (−4.9, 7.7) |