Group (total = 52) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control (n = 25) | FRVE (n = 27) | ||||||
0 weeks | 12 weeks | pa | 0 weeks | 12 weeks | pa | pb | |
Energy intake (kcal) | 1625.72 (± 89.40) | 1614.61 (± 103.00) | 0.919 | 1621.91 (± 94.29) | 1562.36 (±94.56) | 0.635 | |
△ change | −11.11 (± 108.50) | −59.54 (± 124.02) | 0.772 | ||||
Carbohydrate (g) | 225.22 (± 13.62) | 205.70 (± 11.90) | 0.091 | 217.18 (± 12.14) | 216.01 (±13.94) | 0.941 | |
△ change | −19.52 (± 11.07) | −1.17 (± 15.76) | 0.352 | ||||
Protein (g) | 64.71 (± 6.40) | 70.37 (± 5.79) | 0.377 | 64.15 (± 4.97) | 62.65 (±6.24) | 0.855 | |
△ change | 5.66 (± 6.29) | −1.50 (± 8.15) | 0.495 | ||||
Fat (g) | 45.39 (± 3.78) | 54.34 (± 6.06) | 0.198 | 52.12 (± 5.63) | 48.28 (±4.51) | 0.585 | |
△ change | 8.95 (± 6.75) | −3.84 (± 6.94) | 0.194 | ||||
Fiber (g) | 15.49 (± 1.45) | 14.26 (± 1.40) | 0.305 | 15.42 (± 1.07) | 16.36 (±1.19) | 0.411 | |
△ change | −1.24 (± 1.18) | 0.93 (± 1.12) | 0.188 | ||||
Vitamin A (μg RAE)* | 400.39 (± 70.07) | 306.67 (± 34.13) | 0.207 | 347.65 (± 47.74) | 319.64 (±46.08) | 0.575 | |
△ change | −93.72 (± 74.16) | −28.01 (± 75.81) | 0.539 | ||||
Vitamin D (μg)* | 4.79 (± 1.24) | 2.44 (± 0.53) | 0.037 | 6.52 (± 2.05) | 4.76 (±2.45) | 0.101 | |
△ change | −2.36 (± 1.17) | −1.76 (± 3.19) | 0.866 | ||||
Vitamin C (mg)* | 63.89 (± 13.23) | 63.26 (± 11.42) | 0.876 | 62.42 (± 9.56) | 60.32 (±11.52) | 0.444 | |
△ change | −0.63 (± 16.22) | −2.10 (± 15.07) | 0.947 | ||||
Calcium (mg)* | 512.95 (± 84.25) | 395.18 (± 57.18) | 0.214 | 443.91 (± 54.91) | 386.75 (±60.78) | 0.219 | |
△ change | −117.77 (± 86.79) | −57.16 (± 85.10) | 0.620 | ||||
Phosphate (mg) | 974.40 (± 90.37) | 986.10 (± 74.54) | 0.903 | 962.99 (± 67.42) | 913.07 (±82.33) | 0.625 | |
△ change | 11.70 (± 95.07) | −49.92 (± 100.96) | 0.660 | ||||
Sodium (mg) | 2648.13 (± 211.47) | 3385.61 (± 272.91) | 0.036 | 2937.52 (± 247.34) | 3101.09 (±298.88) | 0.668 | |
△ change | 737.49 (± 331.77) | 163.57 (± 376.46) | 0.261 | ||||
Cholesterol (mg) | 382.76 (± 56.06) | 305.93 (± 51.42) | 0.173 | 295.72 (± 45.19) | 337.85 (±59.57) | 0.523 | |
△ change | −76.83 (± 54.74) | 42.13 (± 65.06) | 0.171 |