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Table 3 Characteristics of orthodeoxia in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome

From: Supine vs upright exercise in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome and orthodeoxia: study protocol for a randomized controlled crossover trial

Author

Mean upright PaO2 (mmHg)

Prevalence of orthodeoxia, N (%)

Mean room air PaO2 in patients with orthodeoxia (mmHg) (SD)

Orthodeoxia (supine PaO2 − upright PaO2; mmHg)

Krowka et al., 1993 [32]

44.0

14/16 (87.5)

Upright: 44.0 ± 9

Supine: 62.0 ± 14

18.0

Martinez et al., 1999 [33]

65.2

2/5 (40.0)

Upright: 51.0 ± 3

Supine: 61.5 ± 2

10.5

Martinez et al., 2001 [34]

75.0

2/14 (14.3)

Upright: 63.5 ± 21

Supine: 71.5 ± 21

8.0

Gomez et al., 2004 [35]

69.0

5/20 (25.0)

Upright: 59.0 ± 6

Supine: 67.0 ± 5

8.0

Current study*

51.8

37/56 (66.1)

Upright: 48.1 ± 14

Supine: 61.9 ± 12

13.8

  1. *Analysis performed in patients at the Toronto site of the Canadian HPS Database with a PaO2 < 80 mmHg, absence of significant concurrent lung disease contributing to hypoxemia, and absence of concurrent portopulmonary hypertension
  2. All studies defined “upright” as the sitting position, except for Krowka 1993 [32] and the current study, which defined it as the standing position
  3. All studies defined orthodeoxia as a drop in partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) of greater than 5% or 4 mmHg in the upright compared to the supine position, except Martinez 1999 [33], which defined it as a drop in PaO2 greater than 10 mmHg in the upright compared to the supine position