Table 5 Effect of intervention on outcomes—per protocol sample

Groups

Father-infant attachment

Mean (SD^d)

Groups compared^e

MD^f (CI^g 95%)

ES^h (between)

P value (between groups )

Face-to-face group^a (n = 28)

88.14 (3.23)

F v/s V

0.89 (-1.57 to 3.35)

0.24

0.665

Virtual group^b (n = 31)

87.25 (4.13)

F v/s C

3.48 (0.98 to 5.9)

0.9

0.004

Control group^c (n = 29)

84.66 (4.38)

V v/s C

2.58 (0.14 to 5.03)

0.61

0.035

Groups

Mother-infant attachment

Mean (SD)

Groups compared

MD (CI 95%)

ES (Between)

P value

Face-to-face group (n = 28)

86.13 (3.27)

F v/s V

0.4 (-1.95 to 2.75)

0.11

0.64

Virtual group (n = 31)

85.73 (4.29)

F v/s C

-0.51 (-2.9 to 1.87)

0.15

Control group (n = 29)

86.65 (3.66)

V v/s C

-0.92 (-3.25 to 1.42)

0.23